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| – a government in which the people elect their representatives |
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| – a lawmaking body with a single house whose representatives are elected by the people |
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| – a lawmaking body with two houses, a Senate and a House of Representatives |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| – the original federal constitution drafted by the Continental Congress |
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| John Dickinson – a member of the Continental Congress and leader of the committee that wrote The Articles of Confederation |
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| – vast territory north of Ohio and west of Pennsylvania to the Mississippi River, which was key to expanding the republic |
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| – plan to dispense and distribute public land in the Northwest Territory |
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| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
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| – plan for governing and creating new states carved out of the Northwest Territory |
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| – an uprising of armed farmers marching on a federal arsenal in Springfield, Massachusetts, in protest against higher taxes |
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| – New York delegate, favored strong central government |
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| – “Father of the Constitution,” proposed the Virginia Plan |
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| – Madison’s proposal for a strong federal government divided power between executive, legislative, and judicial branches |
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| – William Paterson’s proposal for a unicameral legislature gave each state one vote and retained most features of the Articles of Confederation |
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| – Roger Sherman’s proposal, which included a House based on population and a Senate with two votes per state |
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| – a system that divides power between state governments and the federal government |
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| – in return for Southern support of the Constitution, northerners agreed to count each slave as 3/5ths of a person for determining electoral votes and seats in Congress |
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| – a person who favored ratification of the new Constitution of 1787 |
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| – a person who opposed ratification of the new Constitution |
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| – a series of 85 essays, written primarily by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, that supported ratification (The Federalist Papers) |
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| – contributed 5 essays to The Federalist arguing for a strong federal government |
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| – the first 10 amendments to the Constitution guaranteeing individual rights |
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| – the principle that all government power comes from the people |
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| limited government – where the powers of the government are specifically described and officials may not act above the law |
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| – where political power is specifically defined and divided between three branches of government |
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| – a system in which each branch of government has the power to monitor and limit the actions of the other two |
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| – a group of persons chosen from each state who then indirectly elect the president |
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