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| (also called a subordinate clause) does not present a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence. |
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| (also called a sentence) presents a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. |
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| a group of related words that function as a single part of speech. Lacks a subject, a predicate, or both. |
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| describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another verb. Tells how, when, where, why, how often, or how much. |
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| describes or modifies a noun or a pronoun. |
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| follows a noun or a pronoun and renames it. Consists of a noun and its modifiers. Adds new information about the noun or pronoun it follows. |
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| Participle (present/past) |
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| a verb form usually ending in ing or ed. Functions as an adjective but also retains come of the characteristics of a verb. Might be thought of as a “verbal adjective.” E.G- The farmhands harvesting corn are tired and hungry. |
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| Your opinion boiled down to one arguable statement. |
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| made of three elements: a thesis, points that can be made against your thesis (con statements), and points in favor of your thesis (pro statements). |
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| the topic sentence is the beginning of the paragraph structure. It is the first sentence. It is an announcement of the particular point to be taken up in the paragraph (point taken from your full thesis). This sentence gets this point across clearly, tells your reader what the paragraph is about. |
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" Pro points are the points that you will propound, always longer than the con list.
" Con points are the points that you will concede of; they go against your thesis. You must sometimes admit to a flaw in your thesis through con statements. |
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repetition of some element in the sentence. NOT the repetition of an idea. Examples: repetition of if, then, infinitive, who clause prepositional phrases (to + noun), that clause. Double parallel: using two or more of the above repetitions in one sentence. (if ….,if…., then…., then….).
Smaller parallels: 1. Noun repetition: ex. She liked ball games, hootenannies, hikes, and picnics.
2. Adjective repetition: ex. He was lazy, good-humored, likeable, and slightly crooked.
3. Adverb repetition: ex. She walked steadily and swiftly.
4. Verb repetition: ex. She combed her hair, powdered her nose, and checked her lipstick.
5. Conjunction balance: ex. He was intelligent but boring.
6. Tricky parallels: ex. Not: Either I'm always in debt or in trouble.
But: Either I'm always in debt or I'm always in trouble. Or
I'm always either in debt or in trouble.
Easiest way to check is to stop after either or neither and check balance on both side of or or nor.
7. Consecutive Series parallels: The first item sets the pattern that all others must conform to. |
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Additional details are added inside the basic statement. It breaks the sentence in two and spreads it apart. Its purpose is to delay and build suspense. Adds richness and tension to writing.
Ex. Basic statement: Love is blind.
Periodic sentence: Love, as everyone knows except those who happen to be afflicted with it, is blind. |
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used to lighten the transitional load and make a stronger and subtler transition. Used to ensure a firm link between paragraphs. Makes transitions smoother. Hooks are best found in " Simple Hook: Put the last word of the previous paragraph into the first sentence of the next paragraph.
" Deeper Hook: use a phrase from the last sentence in your new first sentence.
Ex. …., a dear old white thatched gentleman……
This dear old white thatched gentleman happens to be the author of some of the most savage satire...
" Multiple Hook: use more than one phrase to hook
" Idea Hook: same idea as previous paragraph. |
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| words of short phrase that offer a brief transition between paragraphs. Specific words and phrases. |
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| Basic sentence with a string of detail behind it |
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| consists of two independent clauses. The clauses must be joined by a semicolon, or by a comma and a coordinating conjunction. |
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| contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses |
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| may have a single subject or a compound subject, may have a single predicate or compound predicate, has only one independent clause, and has no dependant clauses, may contain more than one phrases |
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| part of the sentence about which something is said |
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| part of the sentence about which something is said |
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| special type of intransitive verb that links the subject to a noun or an adjective in the predicate |
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| used to form some of the tenses, the mood, and the voice of the main verb. |
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| receives the action of a transitive verb directly from the subject |
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| receives the action of a transitive verb, but indirectly |
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| Object of the Preposition |
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| the first noun or pronoun following the preposition |
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