Term
| Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua celtae, nostra Galli appellantur. |
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Definition
| All Gaul is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, the Aquitani another, the third those who in their own language are called Celts in ours Gaul. |
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Term
| Hi omnes lingua, institutis, legibus inter se differunt. |
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Definition
| All these differ from each other in language, customs and laws. |
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Term
| Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana dividit. |
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Definition
| The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; the Marne and the Seine separate them from the Belgae. |
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Term
| Horum omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae, propterea quod a cultu atque humanitate provinciae longissime absunt, minimeque ad eos mercatores saepe commeant atque ea que ad effemiandos animos pertinent important, proximique sunt Germanis, qui trans Rhenum incolunt, quibiscum continenter bellum gerunt. |
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Definition
| Of all these, The Belgae are the bravest, because they are furthest from the civilization and refinement of Province, and merchants least frequently resort to them, and import those things which tend to effeminate the mind; and they are the nearest to the Germans, who dwell beyond the Rhine, with whom they are continually waging war. |
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Term
| Qua de causa Helvetii quoque reliquos Gallos virtute praecedunt, quod fere cotidianis proeliis cum Germanis contendunt, cm aut suis finibus eos prohibent, aut ipsi in eorum finibus bellum gerunt. |
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Definition
| For which reason the Helvetii also surpasst he rest of hte Gauls in valor, as they contend with the Germans in almost daily battles, when they either repel them from their own territories, or themselves wage war on their frontier. |
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Term
| Eorum una pars, quam Gallos obtinere dictum est, initium capit a flumine Rhodano; |
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Definition
| One part of these, which it has been said that the Gauls occupy, takes it's beginning at the River Rhone; |
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Term
| continetur Garumna flumine, Oceano, finibus Belgarum; |
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Definition
| it is bounded by the river Garonne, the ocean, and the territories of the Belgae; |
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Term
| attingit etiam ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum; vergit ad septentriones. |
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Definition
| it bordered, too, on the side of the Sequani and the Helvetii, upon the river Rhine, and stretches toward the north. |
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Term
| Belgae ab extremis Galliae finibus oriuntur; pertinent ad inferiorem partem fluminis Rheni; spectant in septentriones et orientem solem. |
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Definition
| The Belgae rises from the extreme frontier of Gaul, extend to the lower part of the river Rhine; and look toward the north and rising sun. |
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Term
| Aquitania a Garumna flumine ad Pyrenaeos montes et eam pertem oceani quae est ad Hispaniam pertinet; spectat inter occasum solis et spetentriones. |
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Definition
| Aquitania extends from the river Garonne to the Pyrenees Mountains and to that part of the ocean which is near Spain: it looks between the setting of the sun, and the north star. |
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Term
| Apud Helvetios longe nobilissimus fuit et ditissimus Orgetorix. |
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Definition
| Among the Helvetii, Orgetorix was by far the most distinguished and wealthy. |
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Term
| Is, M. Messala, M. Pisone consulibus, regni cupiditate inductus coniurationem nobilitatis fecit et civitati persuasit ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent: |
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Definition
| He, when Marcus Messala and Marcus Piso were consuls, incited by desire of soverignty, formed a conspiracy among the nobility, and persuaded the people to go forth from their territories with all their possessions |
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Term
| perfacile esse, cum virtute omnibus praestarent, totius Galliae imperio potiri. |
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Definition
| saying that it would be very easy,since they excelled all in valor, to acquire the supremacy of the whole of Gaul. |
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Term
| Id hoc facilius iis persuasit, quod undique loci natura Helvetii continentur: |
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Definition
| To this he more easily persuaded them, because the Helveti, are confined on every side by the nature of their situation. |
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Term
| uan ex parte flumine Rheno latissimos atque altissimos, qui agrum Helvetium a Germanis dividit; |
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Definition
| on one side by teh Rhine a very broad and deep river, which separates the Helvetian territory form the Germans |
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Term
| altera ex parte monte Iura altissimos, qui est inter Sequanos et Helvetios; tertia lacu Lemanno et flumine Rhodano, qui provinciam nostram ab Helvetiis dividit. |
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Definition
| on a second side by the Jura, a very high mountain, which is between the Sequani and the Helvetii; on a third by the Lake of Geneva and by the river RHone which divides our province form the Helvetii. |
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Term
| His rebus ut et minus late vagarentur et minus facile finitimis belllum inferre possentl qua ex parte homines bellandi cupidi magno dolore afficiebantur. |
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Definition
| From these things it resulted that they could range less widely, and could less easily make war upon their neighbors; for which reason men fond of war were affected with great regret. |
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Term
| Pro multitudine autem hominum et pro gloria belli atque fortitudinis angustos se fines habere arbitrabantur, qui in longitudinem milia pasuum CCXL patebant. |
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Definition
| They thought, that considering the extent of their population, and their renown for warfare and bravery, they had but narrow limits, although they extended in length 240, and in breadth 180 Roman miles. |
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Term
| His rebus adducti et auctoritate Orgetorigis permoti consituerunt ea quae ad proficiscendum pertinerent comparare, iumentorum et carrorum quam maximus facere, ut in itinere copia frumenti suppeteret,cum proximis civitatibus pacem et amicitiam confirmare. |
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Definition
| Induced by these considerations and influenced by the authority of Orgetorix, they determined to provide such things as were necessary for their expedition to buy up as great a number as possible of beast of burden and wagons to make their own sowings as large as possible, so that on their march plenty of grain might be in store and to establish peace and friendship with the neighboring states. |
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Term
| Ad eas res conficiendas biennium sibi satis esse duxerunt; in tertium annum profectionem lege confirmant. |
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Definition
| They reckoned that a term of two years would be sufficient for them to execute their designs; they fix by decree their departure for the third year. |
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Term
| Ad eas res conficiendas Orgetorix deligitur. |
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Definition
| Oregetorix is chosen to complete these arrangements. |
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Term
| Is sibi legationem ad civitates suscipit. |
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Definition
| He took upon himself the office of ambassador to the states. |
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Term
| In eo itinere persuadet castico, catamantaloedis filio, Sequano, cuius pater regnum in Sequanis multos annos obtinuerat et a senatu populi Romani amicus appellatus erat, |
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Definition
| On this journey her persuades Casticus, the son of Catamataledus, one of the Sequani: whose father had possessed the sovereignty among the people for many years and had been styled "friend" by the senate of the Roman people, |
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Term
| ut regnum in civitate sua occuparet, quod pater ante habuerat; |
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Definition
| to seize upon the soverignty in his own state, which his gather had held before him |
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Term
| itemque Dumnorigi haeduo, fratri Diviciaci, qui eo tempore principatum in civitate obtinebat ac maxime plebi acceptus erat, ut idem conaretur persuadet, eique filiam suam in matrimonium dat. |
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Definition
| and he likewise persuades Dumnorix, an Aeduan, the brother of Diviriacus, who at that time possessed the chief authority in the state and was exceedingly beloved by the people to attempt the same and gives him his daughter in marriage. |
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Term
| Perfacile factu esse illis probat conata perficere, propterea quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset: |
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Definition
| He proves to them that to accomplish their attempts was a thing very easy to be done because he himself would obtain the government of his own state. |
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Term
| Non esse dubium quin totius Galliae plurimum Helvetii possent: |
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Definition
| That there was no doubt that the Helvetii were the most powerful of the whole of Gaul; |
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Term
| se suis copiis suoque exercitu illis regna conciliaturum confirmat. |
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Definition
| He assured them that he will with his won forces and his own army acquire the sovereignty for them. |
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Term
| Hac oratione adducti inter se fidem et ius iurandum dant et, regno occupato, per tres potentissimos ac firmissimos populos totius Galliae sese potiri posse sperant. |
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Definition
| Incited by this speech, they give a pledge and oath to one another and hope that when they have seized the sovereignty, they will by means of the three most powerful and valiant nations, be enabled to obtain possession of the whole of Gaul. |
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Term
| Ea res est helvetiis per indicium enuntiata. |
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Definition
| This scheme was disclosed to the Helvetii by informers. |
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Term
| Moribus suis Orgetorigem ex vinculis causam dicere coegerunt; damnatum poenam sequi oportebat, ut igni cremaretur. |
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Definition
| They, according to their custom, compelled Orgetorix to plead his cause in chains; it was the law that the penalty of being burned by fire should await him if condemned. |
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Term
| Die constituata causae dictionis Orgetorix ad iudicium omnem suam familiam, ad hominum milia decem, |
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Definition
| On the day appointed for the pleading of his cause, Orgetorix drew together form all quarters of the court all his family to the number of ten thousand persons |
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Term
| undique coegito et omnes orientes obaeratosque suos, quorum magnum numeerum habebat, eodem conduxit; per eos, ne causam diceret, se eripui. |
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Definition
| and led together to the same place al his dependents and debtor-bondmen of whom he had a great number; by means of those he rescued himself from pleading his cause. |
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Term
| Cum civitas ob eam rem incitata armis ius suum exsequi conaretur, |
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Definition
| While the state, incensed at this act was endeavoring to assert its right by arms, |
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Term
| multitudinemque hominum ex agris magistratus cogerent, |
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Definition
| and the magistrates were mustering a large boy of men form the country. |
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Term
| Oregetorix moruus est; neque abest suspicio, ut Helvetii arbitrantur, quin ipse sibi mortem consciverit. |
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Definition
| Orgetorix died; and there is not wanting a suspicion, as the Helvetii think, of his having committed suicide. |
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Term
| Post eius mortem nihilo mortem minus Helvetii id quod constituerant facere conantur, ut e finibus suis exeant. |
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Definition
| After his death the Helvetii nevertheless attempt to do that which they had resolved on namely to go forth from their territories. |
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Term
| Ubi iam se ad eam rem paratos esse arbitrati sunt, opiida sua omnia, numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos, reliqua privata aedificia incendunt; |
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Definition
| When they thought that they were at length prepared for this undertaking, they set fire to all their towns, in number about twelve- to their villages about four hundred- and to the private dwellings that remained; |
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Term
| frumentum omne, praeterquam quod secum portatuti erant, comburunt, ut,, domum reditionis spe sublata, parationres ad omnia percula subeunda essent; |
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Definition
| they burn up all the corn except what they intend to carry with them that after destroying the hope of a return home, they might be more ready for undergoing all dangers; |
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Term
| trium mensium molita cibaria sibi quem aue domo efferre iubent. |
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Definition
| they order everyone to carry forth from home for himself provisions for three months, ready ground. |
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Term
| Persuadent Rauracis et Tulingis et Latobrigis, finitimis, uti eodem usi consilio oppidis suis vicisque exustis, una cum iis proficiscantur; |
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Definition
| They persuade the Rauraci, and the Tulini, and the Latobrigi, their neighbors, to adopt the same plan, and after burning down their towns and villages to set out with them; |
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Term
| Boiosque, qui trans Rhenum incoluerant et in agrum Noricum transierant Noreiamque oppugnabant, receptos ad se socios sibi asciscunt. |
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Definition
| and they admit to their party and unite to themselves as confederates the Boii, who had dwelt on the other side of the Rhine, and had crossed over into the Norican territory and assaulted Noreia. |
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Term
| Erant omnino itinera duo quibus itineribus domo exire possent: |
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Definition
| There were in all two routes, by which they could go forth form their country: |
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Term
| unum per Sequanos, angustum et difficile, inter montem Iuram et flumen Rhodanum vix qua singuli carri ducerentur |
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Definition
| One through the Sequani narrow and difficult, between Mount Jura and the river Rhone (by which scarcely one wagon at a time could be led; |
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Term
| mons autem altissimus impendebat, ut facile perpauci prohibere possent: |
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Definition
| there was, moreover, a very high mountain overhanging so that a very few might intercept them: |
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Term
| alterum per provinciam nostram, multo facilius atque expeditius, propterea quod inter fines Helvetiorum et Allobrogum, qui nuper pacat erant, Rhodanus fluit, isque non nullis locis vado transitur. |
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Definition
| the other through our Province, much easier and freer form obstacles, because the Rhone flows between the boundaries of the Helvetii and those of the Allobroges who had lately been subdued and is in some places crossed by a ford. |
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Term
| Extremum oppidum Allobrogum est proximumque helvetiorum finibus Geneva. |
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Definition
| The furthest town of the Allobroges, and the nearest to the territories of the Helvetii is Geneva. |
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Term
| Ex eo oppido pons ad Helvetios pertinet. |
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Definition
| From this town a bridge extends to the Helvetii. |
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Term
| Allobrogibus sese vel persuasuros, quod nondum bono animo inpopulum Romanum viderentur, existimabant, vel vi coacturos ut per suos fines eos ire paterentur. |
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Definition
| They thought that they should wither persuade the Allobroges, because they did not seem as yet well affected toward the Roman people, or compel them by force to allow them to pass through their territories. |
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Term
| Omnibus rebus ad profectionem comparatis, diem dicunt qua die ad ripam Rhodani omnes conveniant. |
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Definition
| Having provided everything for the expedition, they appoint a day, on which they should all meet on the bank of the Rhone. |
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Term
| Is dies erat a.d.v. Kal. April., L. Pisone A Gabinion consulibus. |
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Definition
| This day was the fifth before the kalends of April [i.e. the 28th of March], int eh consulship of Lucius Piso and Aulus Gabinius. |
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Term
| Caesari cum id nuntiatum esset, eos per provinciam nostram, iter facere conari, maturat ab urbe proficisci, et quam maximis potest itineribus in Gallaim ulteriorem contendit et ad Genavam pervenit. |
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Definition
| When it was reported to Caesar that were attempting to make their route through out Province he hastens to set out form the city, and, by as great marches as he can, proceeds to further Gaul an arrives at Geneva. |
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Term
| Provinciae toti quam maximum potest militum numerum imperat (erat omnino in Gallia ulteriore legio una), pontem qui erat ad Genavem iubet recindi. |
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Definition
| He orders the whole Province (to furnish) as great a number of soldiers as possible, as there was in all only one legion in further Gaul: he orders the bridge at Geneva to be broken down. |
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Term
| Ube de eius adventu helvetii certiores facti sunt, legatos ad eum mittunt, nobilissimos civitatis, cuius legationis Nammeius et Verucloetius principem locum obtinebant |
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Definition
| When the Helvetii are apprized of his arrival they send to him, as ambassadors, the most illustrious men of their state ( in which embassy Numeius and Verudoctius held the chief place), |
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Term
| qui dicerent sibi esse in animo sine ullo maleficio iter per provinciam facere, proterea quod aliud iter haberent nullum; rogare ut eius voluntate id sibi facere liceat. |
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Definition
| to say "that it was their intention to march through the Province without doing any harm, because they had" (according to their own representations,) "no other route: that they requested they might be allowed to do so with his consent." |
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Term
| Caesar quod memoria tenebat L. Cassium consulem occisum exercitumque eius ab Helvetiis pulsum et sub iugum missum, concedendum non putabat; |
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Definition
| Caesar, in as much as he kept in remembrance that Lucius Cassius, the consul, had been slain, and his army routed and made to pass under the yoke by the Helvetii, did not think that (their request) ought to be granted: |
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Term
| neque homines inimico animo, data facutate per provinciam itineris faciendi, temperaturos ab iniuria et maleficio existimabat. |
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Definition
| nor was he of opinion that men of hostile disposition, if an opportunity of marching through the Province were given them, would abstain from outrage and mischief. |
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Term
| Tamen, ut spatium intercedere posset, dum milites quos imperaverat convenirent, legatis respondit diem se ad deliberandum sumpturum; si quid vellent, ad Id. April. reverterentur. |
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Definition
| Yet, in order that a period might intervene,until the soldiers whom he had ordered ( to be furnished) should assemble, he replied to the ambassadors, that he would take time to deliberate; if they wanted anything, they might return on the day before the ides of April ( on April 12th) |
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Term
| Interea ea legione quam secum habebat militibusque qui ex provincia convenerant, a lacu Lemanno quiin flumen Rhodanum influit, ad montem Iuram, qui fines sequanorum ab Helvetiis dividit, milia passum XIX murum in altitudinem pedum sedecim fossamque perducit. |
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Definition
| Meanwhile with the legion which he had with him and the soldiers which had assembled from the Province, he carries along for 19 (Roman, not quite 18 English) miles a wall to the height of 16 feet, and a trench from the lake of Geneva, which flows into the River Rhone, to Mount Jura, which separates the territories of the Sequani form those of Helvetii. |
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