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Who: Peruvian Mestizo (Spanish/Indian Mix) who was given a little bit of power by Spanish leaders. He was captured in 1781 and executed along with his family
What: Organizes people and talks them into not paying their taxes
When: Late 1700s
Where: Peru
Why: Believed that Indians deserved more rights and was passionate about poor and social injustice |
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Who: A Haitian house slave who was literate and freed by his master. He was inspired by the French and American revolutions. He successfully aided in the ending of slavery in France but not Spain. Died in 1791 in a French prison after being captured for an uprising.
What: Fought against Spanish and French in order to end slavery.
When: late 1700s
Where: Haiti and France
Why: He opposed slavery and wanted to end it |
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Who: A CREOLE precursor of independence who was captured and died in prison.
What: Fought for independence from Spain and led a peasant uprising.
When: late 1700s
Where: Venezuela
Why: Wanted Venezuela to be separate from Spain |
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Who: A Brazilian part time tooth puller
What: Fought for Independence from Portugal and led a rebellion which was crushed and he was beheaded.
When: Late 1700s
Where: Brazil
Why: Wanted to be independent from Portugal |
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Who: A moody, bipolar, limelight loving Venezuelan who came from a wealthy family who studied in Europe during the French Revolution and was educated on the enlightenment. His goals are to free Northern South America. He is a successful leader and is given the title "Liberator".
What: Fights for independence from Spain and has mixed results. He becomes a bit of a dictator who wants to unite South America. Takes over Miranda's revolution. Leads many campaigns against the Spanish.
When: early 1800s
Where: Northern South America
Why: He had goals of uniting South America, setting up a new government, and becoming independent from Spain.
How: Success in Caracas, Push toward victory is a huge success, enlists the help of llaneros or spanish cowboys, push Penninsulares out of Venezuela, takes control of Columbia, Ecuador, and Venezuela and tries to build Gran Columbia. |
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Who: An Argentinian also know as "Liberator" but of whom was more focused on Southern South America. Son of an officer in the Spanish Army and moved to Spain with his family. He became part of the Spanish Army for 20 years and goes back to Argentina in 1812 when Ferdinand gets the boot.
What: Leader of the Southern Campaign against the Spanish. Spends a lot of time preparing his armies and promised freedom to slaves who fought with him. Declines leader position in Chile. Opposite of Bolivar.
When: early 1800s
Where: Chile and Peru
Why: Separation from Spain
How. Heavy preparations and builds up a Navy. Wants a monarchy. |
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| Who: Know as Queen Maria the Mad. She is from Portugal and marries her uncle Pedro. She is a religious fanatic. |
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Who: Son of Maria the Mad and her uncle/husband Pedro. Known as _ the Fat. Married Carlotta- sister of Spanish King and she is a witch.
What: Does most of work even though Maria is still in charge. Tries to build up Brazil, and is a good ruler. Decides to stay in Brazil even when Napoleon leaves Portugal but Maria goes back and dies shortly after. He is loved by the Brazilians but they hate his wife who is later suspected for poisoning her husband. A revolution begins in Portugal due to no direct rule and so he goes back and leaves his son Pedro in charge. (This man gave Brazil freedom from Portugal while Napoleon was in charge but then takes it away when he returns to the throne) |
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| Who: Son of John the Fat and Carlotta who takes the Brazilian throne after his father returns to Portugal. Brazil starts to want their freedom back and when things start to look ugly John asks his son to come home but after receiving letters of support he replies with "FICO FICO!" "I Remain, I Remain!" He grants Brazil their freedom, which is exactly what they wanted. |
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Who: Catholic Priest who was born poor and educated. He was a creole who sympathized with the natives and watched out for the poor. Penninsulares hated him. Chased down by the Spaniards and killed by firing squad.
What: Led a massive revolution that sought power for the creoles.
When: early 1800s
Where: Mexican country side
Why: Sought to gain power for creoles
How: Unites creoles and natives in battle, pillages and burns towns. |
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| Who: When Napoleon take power in France he decides to put this guy on the Mexican throne. He is supported by conservatives but is too centered for anyone to love him. Since he is hated by most France asks him to leave but he decides to stay but his wife leaves anyway. He is captured and executed by Mexican liberals. |
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Who: A creole with dreams of power who is favored by the Spanish monarch. Wants power structure to stay the same. Came up with plan of Iguala.
What: Fights against Hidalgo's revolution for 10 years and then switches sides. In 1828 Mexico gets their independence and is crowned emperor. Rules for about a year and is chased out and then executed in 1824 for trying to take back power.
Where: Mexico in the early 1800s |
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| Who: A caudillo (military leader) who was a wealthy elite creole who was bipolar and was in and out of power 11 times. Not a great leader and looses 1/2 of the country to the U.S. (TX, CA, NM) Creates Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo-loose that land. He switches sides eventually. Liberals kick him out. |
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Who: A native Mexican who is poor but rises to power.
What: Part of the movement to kick Santa Anna out. La Reforma was his plan for reformation(tries to remove power from church due to corruption and plans to give Mexico a new constitution= success) Wins the civil war and remains the leader.
When: late 1800s in Mexico |
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Who: A priest who helped Hidalgo. He is not as educated as Hidalgo but he is a better leader and more organized.
What: He continued the revolution after Hidalgo. He calls for an end to slavery, racial terms, and forced labor. He is caught and killed.
When: In early 1800s in Mexico. |
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| Spaniards that came over from Spain to live in South America |
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| Spaniards that were not born in Europe but in South America |
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| lower than Mestizos but higher than zambos (Black and Indian) and blacks |
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| Spainish and Black-same level as Mestizos |
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Letter from Bolivar when he was exiled to Jamaica stating his plans and ideas for how the new South America should look like.
When: written in 1815 |
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Reason that revolutionaries hid behind as a reason for their rebelling.
Surrounded the idea that since King Ferdinand of Spain was kicked off of the throne by Napoleon and was replaced by Napoleon's brother Josef, a real king of Spain was not present so they did not have to follow this new king. However, they never followed the Ferdinand either and that is why it is known as the mask because it was not a legit reason. |
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| Native cowboys of whom Bolivar enlists to aid in his push to victory |
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| people who live in ports and were upset about Spanish trading rights |
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| Bolivar wanted to unite Northern South American countries such as Venezuela, Ecuador, and Columbia into one nation. |
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Military leader
ex. Santa Anna was a caudillo |
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| caudillo in power until 1910 |
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| Three main goals:Religion, Independence, and Unity for Penninsulares. Carried out by Iturbide. |
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| San Martin's right hand man, considered the father of Chile |
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| Napoleon decides to put Maxamillion, from Austria, on the Mexican throne. Conservatives support him but he is too liberal/neutral for the majority. France sees that he is hated and asks him to leave but he stays. Executed. |
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| Napoleon places his cousin Josef Bonaparte on the Spanish throne which leads to the Mask of Ferdinand. |
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