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| The Hundred Years' War was a series of separate wars waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies for control of the French throne, which had become vacant upon the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings. |
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| It is important to recognize that "a new form of the representative publicness, whose source was the culture of the nobility of early capitalist northern Italy, emerged first in Florence and then in Paris and London. It demonstrated its vigor in its assimilation of bourgeois culture, whose early manifestation was humanism |
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| was a political dynasty, banking family and later royal house that first began to gather prominence under Cosimo de' Medici in the Republic of Florence during the late 14th century. |
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| Not new, but is the 15th century widely adopted for use to discovery of better drying components. |
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| Flanders 14th and 15th century. located behind the altar in churches, backdrop for ritual of mass-celebrations of Holy Eucharist. The purpose was education for illiterate, reinforce church doctrine, and stimulate devotion. |
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| Three flat plates to alar |
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| Annunciation to the Blessed Virgin Mary or Annunciation of the Lord, is the Christian celebration of the announcement by the angel Gabriel to Virgin Mary, that she would conceive and become the mother of Jesus the Son of God. |
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| A donor portrait or votive portrait is a portrait in a larger painting or other work showing the person who commissioned and paid for the image, or a member of his, or (much more rarely) her, family. |
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| (non-religious) Popular to memorialize self, establish identity of concrete image, and more telling than coat of arms. Came from urban prosperity, capitalism, and growing bourgeois class. Represented state officials at events they could not attend or see potential matches. |
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| A guild is an association of craftspeople in particular trade. The benefits establish a reputation, commissions, standards, workmanship, and materials. Every guild had a patron saint and chapel. |
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| Book used for reciting prayers, and replaced book of psalms. Contains liturgical passages to read at certain hours. The book had illustrated calender to show tasks of nobility and peasants. |
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| His invention of mechanical movable type printing started the Printing Revolution and is widely regarded as the most important event of the modern period. |
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| is a relief printing artistic technique in printmaking in which an image is carved into the surface of a block of wood, with the printing parts remaining level with the surface while the non-printing parts are removed, typically with gouges. |
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| Engraving is the practice of incising a design on to a hard, usually flat surface, by cutting grooves into it. |
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