Term
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Definition
2572 radiocarbon years before the beginning of the Christian era |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Glacial Maximum and when did it occur? |
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Definition
Cold period before the Atlantic Period, occurred 18,000 BP |
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Term
| When was the Atlantic Period? What climactic conditions characterize it? |
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Definition
From 6000-3000 BC. The next warm period to follow the Glacial Maximum. During this time the temperate zone rose farther north and the snow line went up 300 meters. |
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Term
| Briefly describe what the early Neolithic cultivation pattern was like (soils, tools, field location) |
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Definition
The loess soils were used predominantly by the LBK and could be worked easily with a digging stick. The loess was found in central Europe. The alluvium soils were eroded and redeposited fro secondary river drainages in southeast Europe and produced marginal subsistence until the plow was introduced. |
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Term
| How do we get pollen diagrams and what do they tell us? |
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Definition
Pollen diagrams come from peat bogs, they describe the climate and weather patterns of Europe. |
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Term
| What is the importance of the Aldenhoven Plateau/ Merzbach river valley to Neolithic archaeology? |
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Definition
An LBK site, built on loess soil on secondary river drainage. I did not get full credit on this question. No one told me why. Blarg! |
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Term
| What kind of site in Bylany? Where is it located? |
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Definition
LBK site in the Czech Republic. Also did not get full credit. Honk! |
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Term
| What climate period are we currently in? When did it begin, What is the chief climactic characteristic of this climate period? |
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Definition
1) Sub-Atlantic period began in 1000BC. Great climactic instability, where cool periods are broken up by warm periods called optima. |
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Term
| What are tells and how do they form? Where in Europe do Neolithic sites form tells? |
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Definition
1) Tells are mounds that form when a house is built on top of previous decayed houses. Tells are found in southeast Europe. |
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Term
| What, where, and when was the Ertebolle culture? |
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Definition
Would eventually grow and adapt to become the TB. An early Neolithic culture in the northwestern part of Europe. More not getting all points. Blarg honk! |
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Term
| What is loess? How does it form? Why is it important to the central European Neolithic? |
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Definition
1) Loess is a fine, floury soil that was ground up as the glaciers were moving across Europe. The wind then deposits the soils. It was the main soil of the LBK culture and could be used easily with a digging stick. |
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Term
| What is the Piora Oscillation? When did it occur and why is it important? |
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Definition
1) It’s a cooling period after the Atlantic Period which occurred from 3500-3000BC. During this time the secondary products revolution occurred. |
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Term
| What is the Little Ice Age (dates)? What climate period is it in? |
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Definition
1) 1430-1860 AD. It occurred in the Sub-Atlantic Period. |
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Term
| What are the four main domestic animals of the Neolithic? Which was most common in central Europe and southern Britain? |
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Definition
| Cattle, pigs, sheep, goats. Cattle dominant. |
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Term
| Name five crop plants that are known to be important in the early Neolithic. What was the principal source of fiber prior to wool? |
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Definition
1) Einkorn, Emmer, Spelt, Naked wheat, Poppies. Flax used as fiber. |
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Term
| What is excarnation? In what area of Europe was it practiced in the Neolithic? |
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Definition
1) Another term for defleshing where bodies were left out so the flesh would dry up. In the TB of northwest Europe. Why don't they tell me why I don't get full credit? Bow chicka honk honk. |
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Term
| List the four main regions of Neolithic spread. Where does Neolithic settlement occur earliest, in which areas, does the Neolithic economy spread as a package deal, which areas show the clearest resemblance to the material culture of Anatolia and the Fertile Crescent? Which areas seem clearly to be areas where domestication was adopted by indigenous foragers? |
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Definition
Greece/ SE Europe, the western Mediterranean, central Europe, and northwest Europe were the four main regions of Neolithic spread. SE Europe and central Europe both had Neolithic settlements at an early time (around 6500BC). In these two areas economy also spread as a package deal. Greece and SE Europe resembled the Neolithic Middle East in material culture. The Western Mediterranean and northwest Europe including the British Isles developed by local innovation and syncretism of domestication. I got some kind of weird squiggle over central europe, I don't know what it means but it's bad. |
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Term
| How did LBK pottery differ from SE Europe Neolithic pottery? In what ways did the LBK culture and economy resemble Greece and SE Europe? What do these resemblances and similarities tell us about the character of the origin and spread of the LBK culture? |
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Definition
1) LBK was punctuated and incised while SE European pottery was painted red on white. These cultures had rectilinear homes made of wattle and daub. They also both had a package deal economy. The LBK cultures seems to have originated somewhere else and been brought into the area by a foreign influence. More failed points. |
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Term
| Why do some people think the early Neolithic was matrilineal/ matriarchal? What is the argument for that idea? What might be one argument against it? |
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Definition
Cross-culturally, many simple horticulturalists, like the Iroquois and tropical tribes are matrilineal; horticulturalism was popular in the early Neolithic. Also, in the Iroquois culture the women produce most of the food and calories. In the early Neolithic, family groups were connected to the mother since they were the sure parent so property and land use rights passed down from the mother. However, matrilineal inheritance is seen as a cultural evolutionary stage which cultures pass through. Also, just because a society is matrilineal does not mean it is matriarchal. Also no explanation why I got 2 points off. |
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