Term
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Definition
| A protein within the cell membrane that combines with the drug |
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Term
| What is the receptor-drug combination? |
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Definition
| A "lock and key" situation which will exert some kind of change within the cell |
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Term
What are agonists & Antagonists?
Agonists
v
Antagonists |
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Definition
Molecules on/in a cell with an affinity for the receptor
-Will produce an effect in the cell
vs
-will block the receptor so the ____ can't attach and has no effect |
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Term
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Definition
A drug with less then 100% intrinsic avtivity
Has some effect, but not full agonist effect, like a dimmer switch for lights instead of strict on/off switch |
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Term
Mixed agonist/antagonist drugs?
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Definition
Act as agonist at some receptors and antagonists at others receptors.
Example: Drug A raises heartbeat by 50%, drug B raises by 25%. Given drug A, the HB raises to 50% over baseline, then given drug B, HB decreases to 25% over baseline. Drug B is a partial antagonist, it partially reverse the effect of a more powerful drug, but provides some cellular effect of it's own. |
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Term
Non-receptor mediated mechanisms
Some drugs act via receptors, but not all |
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Definition
- Osmotic agents
- Drugs tht cause a direct chemical change
- Chelators
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Term
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Definition
Mannitol-brings affects via osmosis. IE head trauma, starch via IV stays in vasculature pulls water out of tissue into vasculature to prevent edema |
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Term
Drugs that cause a direct chemical change?
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Definition
| Local antacids-Malox, tums, et. Go to stomach and buffer the pH, changing it an the hydrochloric acid |
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Term
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Definition
| EDTA-binds to metal and eliminates it. In lavender top tubs prevents blood fro clotting. |
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Term
| Autonomic Nervous system is separated into 2 compartments. What are they? |
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Definition
Sympathetic
and
Parasympathetic |
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Term
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Definition
Fight or Flight response
-Blood pressure increase
-GI tract becomes un-important
-Bronchioles vasodilate
-Heart rate increases
-Stroke volume increases
-Peripheral vasculature vasocontricts |
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Term
Adrenergic receptors
Definition and separated into what 4? |
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Definition
receptors for epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Separated into alpha1, alpha2, Beta1 and Beta2 |
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Term
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Definition
In the heart
Increase rate and strength or contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| Located in smooth muscle surrounding vessels in muscles and terminal bronchioles in lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in smooth muscles surrounding vessels in skin and GI tract. Causes vasoconstriction, and shunts blood from skin/GI tract to skeletal muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
Different drugs will have a greater affinity for certain adrenergic (alpha and beta) receptors.
Selectivity of receptor decreases side effects |
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Term
| Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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Definition
rest and restore system
-slows the heart
-increases blood flow
-constricts bronchi/bronchioles to decrease risk of infections
-little effect on peripheral blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
The neurotransmitter for the PNS is acetlycholine. Receptors for this are called cholinergic and muscarine receptors
Anticholinergic drugs like atropine and glycopyrrolate block Ach at muscarine receptors. |
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Term
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Definition
-Block SNS
-Produce symptoms that look like stimulation of PNS.
ie-hr slows, bronchoconstriction |
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Term
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Definition
Anticholinergic, antimuscarinics
Produce symptoms that look like stimulation of the SNS
-bc PNS is blocked, HR speeds, bronchodilation |
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