Term
Urinalysis, CMP, CBC and ESR will be normal
Management Co-manage with a urologist and possibly a psychologist |
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Definition
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Term
Investigations Plain x-ray of the abdomen will reveal most stones [85%]
Spiral CT scan has emerged as a first-line tool for evaluating flank pain
Urinalysis usually reveals numerous red blood cells and crystals; urinary pH below 5.5 is suggestive of uric acid or cystine stones; pH above 7.2 is more suggestive of struvite stones
Management Refer to the hospital for further treatment
Advise the patient to drink lots of water frequently to avoid recurrence |
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Definition
| RENAL COLIC [Kidney Stones] |
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Term
Investigations Urinalysis may show numerous red blood cells; cytology of the urine may reveal malignant transitional cells; CT scan will reveal a mass in the kidney
Management Refer to a nephrologist for further investigation and treatment |
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Definition
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Term
percussion of the costovertebral angle] may be positive
Investigations Urinalysis will reveal white blood cell casts, bacteruria, pyuria and hematuria; urine culture will show a heavy growth of the offending bacteria-E. coli [lactose fermenting] or Proteus mirabilis [maltose fermenting]
Management Refer to the hospital for treatment |
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Definition
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Term
Investigations Urinalysis will show white blood cells, numerous bacteria and varying numbers of red blood cells. The Complete Blood Count will show leukocytosis and increased neutrophils. The PSA may be elevated but not greater than 10 pg/dL
Management Refer to an urologist for treatment |
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Definition
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Term
Investigations Urinalysis may be normal or may have WBCs but NO BACTERIA
Cystoscopy may show submucosal hemorrhages and superficial ulcers
Management Co-manage with a urologist; deactivate any trigger points
Avoid dietary triggers especially acidic foods which tend to aggravate |
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Definition
| INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS [Painful Bladder Syndrome] |
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Term
Investigations Renal and lung biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis
Management Refer to a nephrologist or a pulmonologist |
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Definition
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Term
Investigations Urinalysis will show microscopic hematuria, numerous red blood cell casts and proteinuria
CMP may show a raised BUN and rising Creatinine levels indicate renal failure
Raised ASOT indicates recent streptococcal infection
Management Refer to the hospital for further investigation and treatment |
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Definition
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Term
Investigations Urinalysis will reveal numerous red blood cells
Cytology of the urine will show malignant cells
Cystoscopic biopsy is confirmatory
Management Refer to an urologist for further investigation and treatment |
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Definition
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Term
Investigations Ultrasonography is diagnostic and is useful in sizing the prostate
PSA should be done two weeks later to rule out co-existing prostatic cancer
PSA may be elevated in 50% of BPH patients; usually at levels below 10 ng/ml
Management Refer to an urologist and advise the patient to minimize evening fluid intake |
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Definition
| BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA |
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