Term
Complete Blood Count will show a raised WBC count and high neutrophils
Ultrasound is helpful but spiral CT scan is the current gold standard
Management Refer immediately to the hospital for further investigation and management |
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Definition
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Term
Investigations Complete Blood Count will show leukocytosis with increased neutrophils
Plain x-ray of the abdomen may show radiopaque gallstones [10-15%]
Ultrasound of the gallbladder is the preferred initial test
Management Refer to the hospital for further investigations and possible surgery |
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Definition
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Term
Investigations Barium series may show narrowing of the small intestinal lumen with the string sign of Kantor
Colonoscopy and biopsy are necessary to confirm the diagnosis
Management Refer to a gastroenterologist unless there is fever, abdominal tenderness or anemia, which would require referral to the hospital |
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Definition
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Term
Investigations Complete Blood Count will reveal leukocytosis and raised neutrophils
Plain x-ray film of the abdomen might reveal air under the diaphragm if there has been a perforation of the diverticulum
Abdominal and pelvic CT scan is the gold standard
Management Refer to the hospital and co-manage afterwards with a low then high fiber diet |
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Definition
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Term
Investigations Ultrasound of the pelvis-gestational sac outside of the uterine cavity
Management Refer at once to the hospital |
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Definition
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Term
Investigations Ultrasound is the preferred initial investigation as it would show cystic lesions in the pelvis; diagnosis to be confirmed by laparoscopic biopsy of the cysts
Management Refer to a gynecologist for further investigation and treatment if chiropractic care is not helpful |
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Definition
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Term
Investigations Complete Blood Count, ESR, Thyroid Functions Tests and Fecal Occult Blood tests should be done to exclude organic causes first before making the diagnosis
Management Chiropractic adjustments with dietary advice is helpful for some patients
Refer to a gastroenterologist if any of the following red flags are present: unintentional weight loss, fever, onset after 40 years, nocturnal diarrhea, severe constipation, diarrhea or blood in the stool |
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Definition
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Term
Investigations Raised serum amylase and lipase [more sensitive]; decreased serum calcium
X-ray abdomen might show an isolated [sentinel] loop of distended bowel
CT scan of the abdomen will show an edematous pancreas
Management Refer to the hospital urgently for hospitalization and co-manage afterwards |
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Definition
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Term
Investigations Complete Blood Count will show leukocytosis with elevated neutrophils
Gram stain of the endocervix may show Gram negative intracellular diplococci
Management Refer to the hospital if there is severe abdominal tenderness and a fever
If these are not present then refer to a gynecologist |
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Definition
| PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE |
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Term
Investigations Gastroscopy is the diagnostic procedure of choice with mucosal biopsy: Helicobacter pylori will be seen in the biopsy
H. pylori breath test is non-invasive and highly suggestive
Fecal Occult Blood test should be done to rule out concomitant bleeding
CBC should be done if there is an anemia
Management Refer to the hospital if any of the following is present: unintentional weight loss anemia vomiting severe epigastric or penetrating pain epigastric mass
Otherwise co-manage with a gastroenterologist |
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Definition
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Term
Investigations Colonoscopy and biopsy are needed to confirm the diagnosis
Management Refer to a gastroenterologist unless there is fever, abdominal tenderness or acutely distended colon, which require immediate referral to the hospital |
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Definition
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