Term
Chronic inflammation of the bowel
Etiology Unknown; genetic, environmental, stress and immune factors may be involved;
More common in females and whites; severe superficial mucosal ulceration with polyp formation and increased risk of developing cancer |
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Definition
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Term
Acute or chronic infection of the pelvic connective tissue in females
Etiology Commonly due to Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhea
Chlamydia is the most common in the USA |
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Definition
| PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE |
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Term
Mucosal defect in the stomach or duodenum related to imbalance between production of acid and ability of mucosa to prevent damage
Etiology Related to Helicobacter pylori infection [70% in gastric and 90% in duodenal ulcers], NSAIDs, cigarette smoking, alcohol and acid hypersecretory states such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
| Alcohol or gallstone, viral or bacterial infection; most common cause in the USA is alcohol abuse |
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Definition
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Term
Chronic functional intestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort with alterations in bowel habits: diarrhea or constipation or both
Etiology Unknown; unresolved psychological stress may play a significant role
There may be a link between IBS, cholecystectomies and appendectomies |
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Definition
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Term
Aberrant growth of endometrium outside of the uterine cavity
Etiology Unknown; theories include retrograde menstruation, metaplastic transformation or vascular dissemination
There may be a genetic link
Results in endometrial deposits in the dependent parts of the pelvis and on the ovaries
Seen in 10% of all menstruating women and 4 times more common in infertile women |
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Definition
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Term
Development of a pregnancy outside the uterine cavity
Etiology Subsequent to bacterial infection in the uterine tube; 1% of all pregnancies
98% of ectopic pregnancies are tubal in location; commonly associated with PID, chronic Salpingitis, previous tubal surgery and smoking |
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Definition
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Term
Inflammation of out pouchings [diverticuli] of the large intestine
Etiology Diverticuli arise in older patients after years of a diet deficient in fiber seen more often in the descending and sigmoid colon
Blockage of the lumen of a diverticulum will result in stasis and super-added infection by the ever-present gut bacteria; most common location is the sigmoid
Followed by abscess formation, perforation and generalized peritonitis |
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Definition
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Term
Chronic inflammation of the bowel
Etiology Unknown; genetic, environmental, stress and immune factors may be involved;
More common in females and in whites; may be slightly more common in patients with appendectomies Pathology includes segmental trans-mural non-caseous granulomatous inflammation, skip lesions, cobble stone appearance and fistula formation |
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Definition
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Term
Acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder
Etiology Associated with gallstones [>95%] more frequently in Fertile, Fair-skinned, Females in their Forties. Obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone is the commonest cause and Escherichia coli is the most common bacterium |
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Definition
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Term
| Due to obstruction of its lumen [often caused by a fecalith or submucosal lymphoid hyperplasia] followed by bacterial invasion of its wall with edema and blockage of the arterial blood supply; usually in children and in the elderly |
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Definition
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