Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Large Animal
large animal
218
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 3
12/06/2011

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
(T/F) A horse that is resting a hind foot is usually upset
Definition
False
Term
(T/F) When approaching a horse, you should approach from the right side and cluck
Definition
False
Term
(T/F) When tying a horse to a stationary object, you should use a quick release knot at the level of the poll
Definition
False
Term

(T/F) The safest way to move around a horse is to be as close to the hindquarters as possible, using a firm touch and talking to them

 

Definition
True
Term
(T/F) When placing a bandage on the distal limb of a horse, it is acceptable to place one of your knees on the ground to stabilze yourself
Definition
False
Term
(T/F) The curry comb should never be used on the lower limb of a horse
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) Thrush is commonly seen in moist, muddy conditions
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) A halter, lead rope, and a twich should be in place during all medical procedures
Definition
False
Term
(T/F) The pectoral muscles are a site that may be used for IM injections in the horse
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) The proper method for obtaining a respiratory rate in horses is to watch the nostrils for 15 seconds and multiply by 4
Definition
False
Term
(T/F) When ausculting the lungs of a horse, it is normal to hear loud, prominent lung sounds
Definition
False
Term
(T/F)When bandaging, the vetwrap is applied distal to proximal to prevent pooling of blood in the extremity
Definition
False
Term
(T/F) AMDUCA's Animal Medical Drug Use Clarification Act states that there must be a valid patient-client-veterinarian relationship in order to use a drug "extra label"
Definition
False
Term
(T/F) The preferred injectable route of administration in beed cattle is subcutaneous
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) Diethyl Stilbestrol must never be used in cattle for any reason
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) Naxel is an acceptable antibiotic for use in food animals
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) Banamine is commonly used NSAID for a horse that is colicky
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) Acepromazine can saely be given as a tranquilizer to geldings
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) The normal volume for bull ejaculate is about 5 ml
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) It is acceptable practice to use an electro-ejaculator for a fractious stallion
Definition
False
Term

(T/F) Bull semen collection is performed by using an androgenized steer, never a cow

 

Definition
True
Term
(T/F) Rapid cooling (cold shock) can cause abnormal motility and morphology in sperm
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) 80% of body weight is water in the adult horse
Definition
False
Term

(T/F) Total protein will increase to >8.0 g/dl in an animal that is >10% dehydrated

 

Definition
True
Term
(T/F) It is safe to administer up to 5 gallons of water through an orogastric tube to a cow that is lying in lateral recumbency
Definition
False
Term

Which grooming instrument should be last, as a finishing brush?

 

Definition
Dandy Brush
Term

Which piece of information is included in the subjective portion of the PE form

 

Definition
Normal feces present
Term
Which of the following is considered to be normal TPR for a horse?
Definition
T=100.5, P=36, R=12
Term
What anatomical structure is located in the RUQ?
Definition
Cecum
Term
What anatomical structure is located in the LLQ?
Definition
Large colon
Term
Which route of administration is the Strangles vaccine given to a horse?
Definition
IN
Term
Which of the following drugs is commonly administered through a "dial-a-dose"
Definition

All of the above

(De-wormer, Banamine paste, Bute paste)

Term
Twitches work as a restrain device by:
Definition

B & C

(Distraction and Endorphin release)

Term
Which twitch is designed for use when no assistant is available, and one must work alone?
Definition
Humane twitch
Term
What is the best form of restraint for a mare when doing a repro exam?
Definition
Stocks
Term
Acepromazine is characterized as a:
Definition
Tranquilizer
Term
Which of the following drugs can be reversed by a drug called Yohimbine?
Definition
Xylazine
Term
Which of the following drugs is prohibited in cattle due to the potential to cause aplastic anemia in humans?
Definition
Chloramphenicol
Term
Which of the following drugs is used as anti-inflammatory and free-radical scavenger. This drug can be used topically or IV and can readily be absorbed through your skin
Definition
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Term
Bandages may be used for:
Definition

All of the above

(Protection, Support, Decrease edema, Decrease granulation tissue)

Term
A sweat wrap is used to:
Definition
Draw out edema and toxins
Term
How often should a saline wrap be placed?
Definition
BID
Term
Which of the following statements is true regarding the procedure for bandaging a horse's leg?
Definition

All of the above are true

(Begin the bandage at mid-cannon bone, pull tension over the tendon not the cannon, overlap the vetwrap by 50%, Leave 0.5-1 inch of padding exposed at the distal and proximal ends)

Term
What type of stain is used in assessing sperm morphology?
Definition
Eosin-Nigrosin
Term
Which of the following is considered normal percentage of progressively motile sperm for a stallion?
Definition
>60%
Term
Which of the following is considered normal total sperm ejaculate volume for a bull?
Definition
4-5 Billion
Term
Which of the following is an example of a condition that would cause electrolyte loss in large animal?
Definition
Scours
Term
Which percentage of dehydration would you estimate a calf to be if they have cold extremities?
Definition
5-7%
Term
Which of the following is considered to be contiuing losses in a horse requiring fluid therapy?
Definition
Refluxing
Term
When susceptible cattle are kept at high elevations, pulmonary arterial hypertension can progress to congestive heat failure, with peripheral edema, venous congestion and ultimately death. The incidence of this disease can be reduced, through testing and elimination of susceptible breeding cattle from the herd, based on measurements obtained with one of the following tests?
Definition
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure (PAP)
Term
What is the common name for the above pulmonary hypertensive disease when it progresses to congestive right heart failure with peripheral edema?
Definition
Brisket Disease
Term
What are the two most common methods used to examine the internal reproductive organs of the mare or cow, to determine pregnancy status, examine the ovaries, etc.?
Definition

Rectal palpation

and

Ultrasonography

Term
The culture swab that is typically used to obtain an un-contaminated culture from the uterus of large animals is called:
Definition
Tiegland culture swab
Term
(T/F) A pulse of 75 bpm in sheep is high
Definition
False
Term
(T/F) Sheep have incisors on the top but not the bottom
Definition
False
Term
(T/F) Flushing in sheep is increasing the plain of nutrition
Definition
True
Term
How long is gestation in sheep?
Definition
150 days
Term
 (T/F) A temperature of 105 is high for goats
Definition
False
Term
(T/F) If you prematurely tear the umpilicus the newborn could be anemic
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) Breaking the water is the common term for the breakage of the amnion sac
Definition
True
Term
What is the term for the act of parturition in the doe?
Definition
Kidding
Term
(T/F) A doeling is a young female sheep
Definition
False
Term
What is "springing"?
Definition
Relaxation of the sacro-sciatic ligaments
Term
(T/F) Stages of parturition in the mature cow occur faster than in the mare?
Definition
False
Term

"Waxing" means what and when does it occur?

 

Definition
Dried colostrum/ 48 hours prepartum
Term
(T/F) During parturition you want to interfere as soon as possible
Definition
False
Term

Placental expulsion

(matching stages of parturition)

Definition
Stage III
Term

Springing

(matching stages of parturition)

Definition
Prepartum
Term

Amnion forced into cervix

(matching stages of parturition)

Definition
Stage II
Term

Waxing

(matching stages of parturition)

Definition
Prepartum
Term

Breaking of water

(matching stages of parturition)

Definition
Stage II
Term

Dilation and relaxation of maternal crypts

(matching stages of parturition)

Definition
Stage III
Term

Last 2-3 hrs. in cow, 1-2 hrs. in a horse

(matching stages of parturition)

Definition
Stage I
Term

Cervix 3/4 dilated, fetal extension

(matching stages of parturition)

Definition
Stage I
Term

Last 3/4-1 hr. in cow, 30 min. in horse

(matching stages of parturition)

Definition
Stage II
Term

Separation of maternal and fetal placenta

(matching stages of parturition)

 

Definition
Stage III
Term

Calf/foal born

(matching stages of parturition)

Definition
Stage III
Term
(T/F) Typically only female foals have a problem with rupturing their bladder during parturition
Definition
False
Term
(T/F) Because horses' anatomy is so different from a cat, we need a special ophthalmoscope to properly view the eye
Definition
False
Term
(T/F) It is less common to perform surgery on the nasolacrimal duct in large animal than in small animal
Definition
True
Term

Biopsy

(matching test to body system)

Definition
Dermatologic, Hemolymphatic
Term

Clotting profile

(matching test to body system)

Definition
Hemolymphatic
Term

Combined Immunodeficiency Testing

(matching test to body system)

Definition
Hemolymphatic
Term

CSF Evaluation

(matching test to body system)

Definition
Neurologic
Term

Skin Scraping

(matching test to body system)

Definition
Dermatologic
Term

Serum Chemistry

(matching test to body system)

Definition
Hemolymphatic, Urinary, Neurologic
Term

Detect fluid in the thoracic cavity in the patient greater than 400 lbs.

(matching procedure to tool)

Definition
Ultrasound
Term

Guttural pouch exam

(matching procedure to tool)

Definition
Endoscope
Term

Evaluation of heart function

(matching procedure to tool)

Definition
Ultrasound
Term

Evaluation of the lung field in patient less than 400 lbs.

(matching procedure to tool)

Definition
Ultrasound, Radiology
Term

Larynx evaluation

(matching procedure to tool)

Definition
Endoscope
Term

Ovulation Prediction

(matching procedure to tool)

Definition
Ultrasound
Term

Testicular imaging

(matching procedure to tool)

Definition
Ultrasound
Term

Bladder rupture in a foal

(matching procedure to tool)

Definition
Ultrasound
Term

Cervical Spine Evaluation

(matching procedure to tool)

Definition
Radiology
Term

Detect consolidated areas of the lungs in a patient greater than 400 lbs.

(matching procedure to tool)

Definition
Ultrasound
Term

Pregnancy confirmation

(matching procedure to tool)

Definition
Ultrasound
Term
(T/F) Sheep and goats have a split lip and cattle don't
Definition
False
Term
What part of the ruminant stomach do heavier items fall into first?
Definition
Reticulum
Term
Hardware disease in cattle and other ruminants, is the result of:
Definition

B and C

(Nails, wire and other sharp metallic objects that can puncture the reticulum, cause peritonitis and sometimes migrate into the pericardial sac.  Ruminants indiscriminately eat their feed without chewing and inedible foreign materials are swallowed along with the feed)

Term
Which of the following is a more severe condition, an actual torsion of the abomasum, requiring immediate surgery for correction?
Definition
RDA
Term
Which part of the ruminant stomach has acid and enzymatic digestion?
Definition
Abomasum
Term
Which part of the ruminant stomach is where fresh feed lies?
Definition
Rumen
Term
Which part of the ruminant stomach is where a majority of FA and water absorbtion occurs?
Definition
Omasum
Term
(T/F) Bacterial and protozoan digestion by the ruminant stomach contributes to the total protein value of their diet
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) Gastric ulcers are more common in the adult horse
Definition
False
Term
(T/F) Mycobacterium avium var. paratuberculosis (Johnes dz) cause a malabsorptive disease
Definition
True
Term
What is FPT?
Definition
Low IgG due to low quality colostrum
Term
Which of the following is the most common bacterial pathogen
Definition
E. Coli
Term
What is the main affect of the viral neonatal diarrheal pathogens?
Definition
Villus atrophy causing decreased fluid and nutrient absorption
Term
Which of the following is a large GPROD, anaerobic, exotoxin producer that can cause sudden death due to toemia without diarrhea?
Definition
Cl. perfringens
Term
Which of the following neonatal dirrheal pathogen is or are zoonotic?
Definition
Salmonella
Term
The main cause of death in the scouring neonate is:
Definition
Dehydration and Acidosis
Term
Which of the following is most widespread diarrheal virus?
Definition
Rotavirus
Term
Which of the following is the preferred IV fluid solution for scouring neonates?
Definition
None of the above
Term
What affect can oral bicarb solutions have on the neonate?
Definition
Prevents curd formation furthering the diarrhea
Term
What is the main affect of E. coli?
Definition
Endotoxin disrupts cell membrane causing loss of fluids and electrolytes
Term
(T/F) A calf puller can be used in a horse dystocia
Definition
False
Term
What is the treatment for ketosis?
Definition
Glucose
Term
(T/F) A boar is a neutered male pig
Definition
False
Term
(T/F) Hogs are monogastric and have a spiral colon
Definition
True
Term
How long is gestation in sows?
Definition
None of the above
Term
What is the term for the act of parturition in swine
Definition
None of the above
Term
Which is the term for a neutered male hog?
Definition
Barrow
Term
A hog comes in with a temperature of 101.9, pulse of 72 and repiration rate of 20 bpm. Which statement is true?
Definition
Temp is normal, Pulse normal, Respiration increased
Term
(T/F) Hogs number of thoracic vertebrae is always 14
Definition
False
Term
(T/F) Retained placentas are a very serious problem in cows compared to horses
Definition
False
Term
What post partum condition is due to excessive calcium?
Definition
None of the above
Term
During stage 2 of parturition you should assist in delivery if longer than
Definition
40 minutes in a mare and 2 hours in a cow
Term
What is the most common cause of dystocia in cattle?
Definition
Calf-damn mismatch
Term
(T/F)During parturition you want to interfere as soon as possible
Definition
False
Term
What foot and leg conformation causes winging?
Definition
Toe out
Term
What foot and leg conformation causes paddling?
Definition
Toe in
Term
Standing Under Behind or Camped Under is a conformational defect in some horses. What medical condition would cause a horse with normal conformation to assume a camped under stance?
Definition
Laminitis
Term
In which age range is it most likely to be successful in correcting conformational defects in the lower legs of a horse through the use of surgery, splints and therapeutic hoof trimming
Definition
1 to 8 months
Term
If a horse has too steep a slope (too upright or too large an angle from horizontal) of the pastern it will predispose the horse to:
Definition
Concussive injury to the inter-pharlangeal joints and fetlock joint
Term
If a horse has too shallow a slope (too small an angle from horizontal of the pastern it will predispose the horse to
Definition
strain injuries to the flexor tendons and suspensory ligaments
Term
(T/F) One of the surgical procedures that can be used to treat valgus or varus angular limb deformities is periosteal stripping. This procedure is performed adjacent to the growth plate on the concave surface of the deformed limb
Definition
False
Term
Which one of the following are congenital anomalies in foals/calves? (circle all that apply)
Definition
Arthrogryposis, kyphosis, lordosis, club foot
Term
If a horse displays lameness only when tested by trotting in a tight circle. What grade of lameness would the horse have, using AAEP grading system?
Definition
Grade 1 or 2
Term
Exertional rhabdomyolosis (Monday Morning Disease or Myoglobinuria) can best be described as:
Definition
Muscle fiber damage or death, resulting from intra-muscular lactic acidosis, arteriole constriction and ischemia, when a predisposed horse is not warmed up properly
Term
Navicular disease occurs in what structure of the foot of the horse?
Definition
Distal phalangeal sesamoid bone
Term
Which of the following are common DJD conditions, that includes osteophyte formation? Select all that apply
Definition
Bone Spavin and Ringbone
Term
In neonatal calves and foals, septic arthritis can result from septicemia. A common infection that can result in septicemia and septic arthritis is:
Definition
Navel infection
Term
Which of the following conditions belong to the osteochondrosis complex
Definition
Osteochondritis Dessicans, Physitis or epiphysitis, sub-chondral bone cysts
Term
The Osteochondrosis Complex typically occurs in rapidly growing young animals, on a high level of nutrition. Which of the following also predispose the animal to osteochondrosis:
Definition
Feeding a diet deficient in trace minerals and calcium (low Ca:P ratio)
Term
In chronic laminitis with coffin bone rotation, the hoof wall may become overgrown and curl upwards at the toe.  Which of the following best describes the cause:
Definition
Differential growth of the hoof wall with decreased hoof wall growth on anterior hoof wall relative to the heal
Term
Which of the following are part of the pathogenesis of degenerative joint disease: (select all that apply)
Definition
Exposure of sub-chondral bone
Term
Bog spavin is a condition of the tibio-tarsal joint. Which of the following best describes bog spavin?
Definition
Fluid distension of the tibio-tarsal joint
Term
Which procedures are emplowed in treatment of hoof cracks? Circle all that apply
Definition

Debride crack and stabilize with wire lacing. 

Acrylic patch of debrided crack.

Hoof wall resection in serious cases

Term
Gravel is an infection of the equine hoof structures. Which of the following best describes this process
Definition
Gravel begins with a break in the hoof at the junction of the sole and hoof wall. This injury becomes infected and the infection migrates into the deep tissues of the sensitive lamina. Migration may cause abscessation at the coronary band
Term
(T/F) Hyperkalemic Periodic Paresis (HYPP) is a genetic disorder commonly found in Quarter Horses descendent from a stallion named "Impressive"
Definition
True
Term

(T/F) Hot feed like grain can cause a condition known as founder which can lead to which type of laminitis?

 

Definition
Acute
Term
This condition results from trauma to the suprascapular nerve and is common in draft horse breeds
Definition
Sweeny
Term

Trauma to joint capsule, ligaments and associaled soft tissues

(matching term with definition)

Definition
Sprain
Term

An injury affecting appearance but not funtion

(matching term with definition)

Definition
Blemish
Term

Characterized by injury or disease that interferes with normal, desirable function of that animal

(matching term with definition)

Definition
Unsound
Term

Exhibiting normal health; free of injury or disease; having the capacity to perform the function intended for that animal

(matching term with definition)

Definition
Sound
Term

Excessive proliferation of granulation tissue when wounds heal via second intention

(matching term with definition)

Definition
Proud flesh
Term

Overstretching of a muscle or tendon due to excessive tension or over-use

(matching term with definition)

Definition
Strain
Term

A departure from normal stance or gait

(matching term with definition)

Definition
lameness
Term

Horse has a fractured left tibia and is non-weight bearing on the leg

(AAEP system of grading lameness)

 

Definition
5
Term

Horse is always lame at trot

(AAEP system of grading lameness)

 

Definition
3
Term

Horse comes to the clinic with a complaint of lameness but it is not apparent when trotting the horse in a straight line

(AAEP system of grading lameness)

 

Definition
2
Term

Horse appears to be nodding its head and is consistently lame during all parts of the lameness exam

(AAEP system of grading lameness)

 

Definition
4
Term
(T/F) The name of the block used for a c-section is a parallel block?
Definition
False
Term
(T/F) The incision for a c-section is on the midline
Definition
False
Term
Which parasite can cause Verminous Arteritis?
Definition
Strongylus vulgaris
Term
Which bovine respiratory disease has a morbiditiy of up to 100%, but a low mortality?
Definition
PI 3
Term
Potomac Horse Fever is caused by:
Definition
Ehrlichia risticii
Term
(T/F) The small strongyles larval stages are difficult to treat at the routine dosage
Definition
True
Term
Which equine virus is known for causing URI and abortions?
Definition
Equine viral rhinopneumonitis
Term
Which of the following parasite in foals can cause ileo-cecal valve obstruction with after deworming
Definition
Parascaris equorum
Term
Which bovine respiratory virus is called Red Nose?
Definition
IBR
Term
Which of the following causes "summer sores"
Definition
Habronema sp
Term
IBR is caused by:
Definition
None of the above
Term
(T/F) In order to control parasites it is recommended to worm all horses at the same time
Definition
True
Term
IPV is caused by:
Definition
Bovine Herpes virus h-1
Term
Whenis it best to treat for Gasterophilus sp?
Definition
After a hard freeze
Term
(T/F) A c-section can be done with the cow lying down in lateral
Definition
False
Term
(T/F) Dopram is a respiratory stimulate given to non breathing calves
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) The first thing a technician should do once the calf is removed from sterile field is to assist the veterinarian with suturing the incision
Definition
False
Term
Which parasite can cause a "summer cough"?
Definition
Parascaris equorum
Term
Which parasite causes tail rubbing?
Definition
Oxyuris equi
Term
Which of the following acn cause 2-5 mm blisters, pustules on the genitalia?
Definition
IBR
Term
How often are mares vaccinated during pregnancy to prevent EHV-1 abortions?
Definition
5, 7, 9 month's gestation
Term
Which equine parasite has an indirect life cycle with the oribatid mite as the intermediate host?
Definition
Anoplocephala spp.
Term
What equine parasite is most harmful?
Definition
Stongylus vulgaris
Term
The most common time of the ear to see fibrous impaction colic is:
Definition
Winter
Term
Retained meconium in a newborn foal is usually treated with:
Definition
An enema
Term
Tympany is defined as
Definition
An accumulation of gas in a section of the gastro-intestinal tract
Term
Which of the following are physical injuries to the gastro-intestinal tract that may result in occlusion of the bowel lumen and/or obstruction of the venous flow from the affected section of the bowel. Select all that apply
Definition

Torsion.

Strangulation or incarceration.

Intussusception

Term
Which of the following analgesics is the best choice for routine treatment of a horse with colic due to impaction
Definition
Banamine (a NSAID)
Term
It is best to try and prevent sand impaction than to treat it once it occurs.  Which of the follwoing would be included in a prevention plan.
Definition
Feed psyllium in grain mix
Term
(T/F) Equine colic prevention includes routine dental care, regular exercise and a regular feeding schedule
Definition
True
Term
Which functional division of veterinary medicine includes nutrition, vaccination, diagnostics, therapy and reproduction
Definition
Production Vet. Med
Term
Which of the following statements best describes a phenotypic trait
Definition
A characteristic that is the result of gene expression and environmental influences
Term
EPD and PTA statistics are calculated from:
Definition
Statistical analysis of phenotypic trait measuremnts from the individual, its ancestors, sibilings and progeny
Term
EPD is the abbreviation for
Definition
Expected Progeny Difference
Term
PTA is the abbreviation for:
Definition
Predicted Transmitting Ability
Term
Purposes for a physcial exam include:
Definition

All of the above

(insurance exam, pre-purchase exam, diagnosis, performance problem)

Term
While evaluating the musculoskeletal system what TWO special test are often combined for a complete diagnosis
Definition
Radiology and Ultrasound
Term
(T/F) When evaluating synovial fluid, one of the components you analyze is the protein content
Definition
True
Term
(T/F) Serum Chemistry (chem panels) for the equine patient always include CPK
Definition
True
Term
When utilizing nerve blocks for lameness evaluation to localize the source of the lameness you would:
Definition
Start at the coffin joint and work proximally
Term
A 30 month old horse could be considered a 2 year old
Definition
True
Term
What is the gestation length in the mare?
Definition
335-340 days
Term
An intact adolescent male horse is a:
Definition
Colt
Term
What is the correct dental formula for a horse?
Definition
2(I3/3C0-1/0-1PM3-4/3M3/3)
Term
The normal pulse for an adult cow is
Definition
70-90 bpm
Term
The true stomach is called the ______
Definition
Abomasum
Term
What is the vertebral formula in cattle
Definition
C7 T13 L6 S5 CY18-20
Term

Heart Rate

(matching region with what you are evaluating)

Definition
Left Side thorax
Term

Cecum Tympany

(matching region with what you are evaluating

Definition
Right side abdomen
Term

Gut sounds

(matching region with what you are evaluating

Definition
Left side abdomen and right side abdomen
Term

Auscultation after administering a rebreathing test

(matching region with what you are evaluating

Definition
Left side thorax and right side thorax
Term
Digital pulses
Definition
left side legs and right side legs
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