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Large Animal Diseases Final
Swine viruses - reportable diseases
68
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 4
05/03/2011

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Cards

Term
What is the greatest source of infection for Porcine Parvovirus?
Definition
afterbirth
Term
Main CS of Porcine Parvovirus
Definition
abortion - no CS in adults - only affects fetuses
Term
How Porcine Parvo is diagnosed
Definition
send fetuses to lab for FA
Term
Pigs usually recover from swine flu within how many days?
Definition
5-7
Term
What is the main reason fetal losses occur due to Swine Flu?
Definition
High rectal temp
Term
Two forms of Swine Viral Diarrhea
Definition
TGE and Rotavirus
Term
Clinical Signs of Swine Viral Diarrhea
Definition
Diarrhea, dehydration, atrophic enteritis, decreased digestion and absorption
Term
Compare TGE and Rotavirus in regard to morbidity/mortality, seasonal tendencies, and ages affected
Definition
TGE: affects all ages in an explosive outbreak, high mortality in young, more common in the winter
Rotavirus: low morbidity and mortality, present on most farms
Term
Compare TGE and Rotavirus regarding prevention/control
Definition
With TGE - expose entire herd as quickly as possible to minimize losses
Rotavirus - promote natural immunity
Term
What type of virus is Pseudorabies?
Definition
Herpes Virus
Term
Important diagnostic tool for pseudorabies
Definition
kills rats, mice, and cats quickly
Term
Pseudorabies prevention/control
Definition
Can buy from pseudorabies-free herds, infected herds need to be depopulated
Term
What kind of virus is PRRS?
Definition
RNA virus
Term
How can PRRS be diagnosed?
Definition
ELISA
Term
Most common cause of Swine Pneumonia
Definition
Enzootic Pneumonia (mycoplasma)
Term
Encephalomyocarditis is carried by _____
Definition
rodents
Term
How is EMCV transmitted?
Definition
feces, urine, eating infected carcasses
Term
EMCV CS in piglets
Definition
acute myocarditis and death
Term
How can EMCV be diagnosed?
Definition
PCR
Term
Main way of preventing EMCV
Definition
rodent control
Term
Swine viruses transmitted by aerosol
Definition
Swine Flu, Pseudorabies, possibly PRRS
Term
Swine viruses transmitted via feces
Definition
Viral Diarrhea, EMCV
Term
Swine viruses that cause respiratory signs
Definition
Swine Flu, Pseudorabies, PRRS, EMCV, Swine Pneumonia
Term
Swine viruses that cause a fever
Definition
Swine Flu, Pseudorabies, PRRS
Term
Swine Viruses that cause CNS signs
Definition
Pseudorabies, EMCV
Term
Swine viruses in which there is no treatment
Definition
Parvo, pseudorabies, EMCV
Term
Swine viruses that have vaccines
Definition
Parvo, pseudorabies, swine pneumonia
Term
Swine viruses that are potentially zoonotic
Definition
Swine flu, EMCV
Term
Compare and contrast White Muscle Disease to Selenium Toxicity (affected geographical regions, ages affected, clinical signs, prevention)
Definition
WMD is more common in the NE US
Se tox more common in the Western US
WMD is more common in neonates and fast growers
Se tox can affect all ages
If cardiac, WMD CS can mimic pneumonia
Acute Se toxicity - GI signs and death within hours
Both diseases can cause CNS signs
Se tox can cause alkali dz, birth defects, hoof deformities
Preventing WMD - proper feed storage, good quality feed, supplements
Preventing Se Tox - remove seleniferous plants, treat soil
Term
Compare the causes of Se Tox, Cu Tox, and Pb Tox
Definition
Se - plants in western US
Cu - usu. accidental ingestion when sheep are fed cattle ration or cattle mineral block
Pb - usu. cattle taste testing junk or motor oil in the pasture
Term
Compare the causes of Se Tox, Cu Tox, and Pb Tox
Definition
Se - plants in western US
Cu - usu. accidental ingestion when sheep are fed cattle ration or cattle mineral block
Pb - usu. cattle taste testing junk or motor oil in the pasture
Term
Compare and contrast the CS of Se, Cu, and Pb toxicity
Definition
Se - GI signs if acute, CNS if chronic
Cu - GI signs, increased thirst, icterus, lethargy, anemia, teeth grinding
Pb - CNS signs, finding dead stock near fence
Term
Compare and contrast the treatment for Se, Cu, and Pb tox
Definition
No trx for Se
Cu tox - supportive, daily ammonium molybdenate and sodium sulfate, increase Zn in diet
Pb - vit B1, CaEDTA, Epsom salts (cathartic)
Term
Compare and contrast the Prevention measures for Se, Cu, and Pb tox
Definition
Se - remove seleniferous plants, treat soil
Cu - feed only species specific rations/supplements
Pb - remove junk and check for hazards
Term
Reportable disease of rabbits
Definition
Viral Hemorrhagic Disease
Term
Reportable diseases of Horses
Definition
EIA, Equine Piroplasmosis
Term
Reportable diseases of cattle
Definition
BSE, TB, Johnes disease
Term
Reportable disease of swine
Definition
Swine Flu (depending on strain)
Term
Reportable diseases common in sheep and goats
Definition
Listeriosis, Contagious agalactia, Scrapie
Term
All other reportable diseases
Definition
Anthrax, CWD, Rabies, Foot and Mouth Diseases, Streptococcus (in some states)
Term
Rabbit diseases transmitted by contact and aerosol
Definition
Pastuerella, Bordetella
Term
Rabbit Diseases that may be transmitted by blood
Definition
Pasteurella, Viral Hemorrhagic Disease (via biting arthropods,) Genital Infection with Pasteurella
Term
4 rabbit diseases that can have asymptomatic carriers
Definition
Pasteurella, Bordetella, Salmonella, Staphylococcus
Term
Rabbit GI diseases transmitted by fecal/oral route
Definition
E. Coli, Clostridiium (Tyzzer's disease)
Term
Rabbit diseases that can cause death/sudden death
Definition
Tyzzer's disease, Salmonella, Viral Hemorrhagic disease, Sepsis due to pasteurella
Term
Distinct necropsy findings of salmonella
Definition
visceral hemorrhage, focal necrosis of the liver, ulcerative colitis
Term
Distinct necropsy findings of Tyzzer's disease
Definition
Visceral edema and hemorrhage, focal necrosis of myocardium and liver
Term
How do we prevent malocclusion in rabbits?
Definition
trim teeth every 6-8 weeks, good breeding
Term
Similarities between HYPP and Tying up (5)
Definition
Sporadic attacks, muscle spasms/tension, horses are alert and aware of surroundings, can be diagnosed by blood test, HYPP is genetic, tying up MAY be caused by a genetic disorder
Term
Compare the cause(s) of HYPP and Exertional Rhabdomyolysis
Definition
HYPP: genetic disorder - abnormal protein in Na Channels disrupts the normal ion concentration inside and outside of muscle cells, resulting in hyperexcitability of muscles and periodic flaccid paralysis.
Tying up: cause is generally unknown. Sporadic attacks may be due to overexertion, electrolyte imbalance, hyperthermia, exercise with concurrent resp dz
Chronic tying up may be due to a genetic disorder of muscle contractility or carbohydrate storage and utilization
Term
Differences in the CS of HYPP and tying up
Definition
HYPP signs include weakness, collapse, load breathing, sudden death.
Tying up CS include soreness, inability to move, stiff gait, tachycardia, tachypnea, profuse sweating, and brown urine
Term
Differences in diagnosing HYPP and tying up
Definition
HYPP - blood test - DNA or increased K - or EMG
Tying up - Hx, CS - blood test for increased CK, AST, LDH - urine test for myoglobin and hemoglobin
Term
Differences in the treatment of HYPP and tying up
Definition
HYPP: oral or IV carbs, insulin, acetazolamide, Low K diet, exercise, increase frequency of meals
Tying up - don't move horse, keep them warm, provide H2O
Term
Prevention measures for HYPP and tying up
Definition
HYPP - responsible breeding
Tying Up - prevent overexertion with warm up and cool down, decrease carbs, balanced electrolytes
Term
Retanined placentas in cows are often associated with _____
Definition
DA's
Term
What is the normal amount of time it takes for Cows, Mares, and Sows to expel placenta?
Definition
Cows - considered RP if not expelled in 12 hrs
Horses - normal expel in 30 min, considered emergency if not within 1 hr
Sows - some during farrowing, the rest immediately after or within several hours
Term
Compare and contrast the treatment for RP in cows, mares, and sows
Definition
Cows - no trx recommended besides AB and NSAIDs
Mares - Oxytocin, lavage, AB, exercise
Sows - Oxytocin, infuse uterus with AB, cut off exposed tissue
Term
Similarities between vaginal and uterine prolapse
Definition
more common in sheep and cattle, and in animals with a high BCS that are overfed and not exercised, resulting in atonic muscles. Treatment = DVM does an epidural, washes with antiseptic and replaces in the normal position
Term
Failure of Passive Transfer treatment in foals vs. calves
Definition
foals: 100 lb foal needs 32 oz in 3 feedings over 3 hours
calves: 100 lb calf needs 2L, first feeding within 4 hrs, 2nd feeding before 12 hrs, and additional 2L when they reach 12 hrs
Term
Similarities between species with ketosis regarding physiology, CS, trx, and prevention
Definition
Energy demands exceed energy intake (not enough food creates negative energy balance.) Large amount of fat are mobilized and the liver cannot "catch up" with processing - ketone production exceeds ketone utilization.
CS: increased ketones in blood, milk, and urine. In advanced stages, may cause listlessness, staggering, neuro symptoms.
Trx = force feed glucose or glucose precursors such as propylene glycol.
Prevention = adequate nutrition and exercise, maintain proper BCS, reduce stress
Term
Difference in alternative names for ketosis in sheep vs. ketosis in cows and goats
Definition
cows and goats = lactation ketosis
sheep = lambing paralysis/pregnancy toxemia
Term
differences in WHEN ketosis occurs in cows/goats vs. sheep
Definition
freshened cows, caused by lactation and common fresh cow diseases.
Sheep - common in sheep with multiple lambs - happens in last 3rd of pregnancy, before parturition. Ewes cannot physically eat enough to support the fetuses or they stop eating for another reason. Irreversible and deadly if not caught early.
Term
Differences in preventing ketosis in cows/dairy goats vs. sheep
Definition
Cows: increase feed AFTER calving
Sheep: increase feed during last 6 weeks of gestation, deworm prior to breeding season, separate ewes with bad teeth from the flock, be VERY suspicious of the rest of the flock
Term
Explain how EIA is transmitted
Definition
Horse fly/deer fly bites infected animal -> elicits defensive reaction from horse -> blood meal interrupted -> fly bites another horse to finish, virus mechanically transmitted via mouthparts
Term
EEE/WEE vaccines are an inactivated, whole-virus product. What is the usual vaccine schedule?
Definition
Usually annually, but may vary due to age, vaccine status, region, and immune status.
Term
Symptoms and mortality rate of EEE in humans
Definition
fever, myalgia, headaches, nausea, eventually leads to neuro signs. High mortality.
Term
Symptoms of WEE in adult humans
Definition
asymptomatic or mild
Term
symptoms of VEE in humans
Definition
acute, often mild systemic disease lasting 1-2 weeks. Affects fetuses in pregnant women.
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