Term
What is the greatest source of infection for Porcine Parvovirus? |
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Definition
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Term
Main CS of Porcine Parvovirus |
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Definition
abortion - no CS in adults - only affects fetuses |
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Term
How Porcine Parvo is diagnosed |
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Definition
send fetuses to lab for FA |
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Term
Pigs usually recover from swine flu within how many days? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the main reason fetal losses occur due to Swine Flu? |
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Definition
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Term
Two forms of Swine Viral Diarrhea |
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Definition
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Term
Clinical Signs of Swine Viral Diarrhea |
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Definition
Diarrhea, dehydration, atrophic enteritis, decreased digestion and absorption |
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Term
Compare TGE and Rotavirus in regard to morbidity/mortality, seasonal tendencies, and ages affected |
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Definition
TGE: affects all ages in an explosive outbreak, high mortality in young, more common in the winter Rotavirus: low morbidity and mortality, present on most farms |
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Term
Compare TGE and Rotavirus regarding prevention/control |
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Definition
With TGE - expose entire herd as quickly as possible to minimize losses Rotavirus - promote natural immunity |
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Term
What type of virus is Pseudorabies? |
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Definition
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Term
Important diagnostic tool for pseudorabies |
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Definition
kills rats, mice, and cats quickly |
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Term
Pseudorabies prevention/control |
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Definition
Can buy from pseudorabies-free herds, infected herds need to be depopulated |
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Term
What kind of virus is PRRS? |
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Definition
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Term
How can PRRS be diagnosed? |
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Definition
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Term
Most common cause of Swine Pneumonia |
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Definition
Enzootic Pneumonia (mycoplasma) |
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Term
Encephalomyocarditis is carried by _____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
feces, urine, eating infected carcasses |
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Term
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Definition
acute myocarditis and death |
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Term
How can EMCV be diagnosed? |
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Definition
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Term
Main way of preventing EMCV |
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Definition
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Term
Swine viruses transmitted by aerosol |
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Definition
Swine Flu, Pseudorabies, possibly PRRS |
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Term
Swine viruses transmitted via feces |
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Definition
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Term
Swine viruses that cause respiratory signs |
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Definition
Swine Flu, Pseudorabies, PRRS, EMCV, Swine Pneumonia |
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Term
Swine viruses that cause a fever |
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Definition
Swine Flu, Pseudorabies, PRRS |
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Term
Swine Viruses that cause CNS signs |
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Definition
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Term
Swine viruses in which there is no treatment |
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Definition
Parvo, pseudorabies, EMCV |
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Term
Swine viruses that have vaccines |
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Definition
Parvo, pseudorabies, swine pneumonia |
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Term
Swine viruses that are potentially zoonotic |
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Definition
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Term
Compare and contrast White Muscle Disease to Selenium Toxicity (affected geographical regions, ages affected, clinical signs, prevention) |
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Definition
WMD is more common in the NE US Se tox more common in the Western US WMD is more common in neonates and fast growers Se tox can affect all ages If cardiac, WMD CS can mimic pneumonia Acute Se toxicity - GI signs and death within hours Both diseases can cause CNS signs Se tox can cause alkali dz, birth defects, hoof deformities Preventing WMD - proper feed storage, good quality feed, supplements Preventing Se Tox - remove seleniferous plants, treat soil |
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Term
Compare the causes of Se Tox, Cu Tox, and Pb Tox |
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Definition
Se - plants in western US Cu - usu. accidental ingestion when sheep are fed cattle ration or cattle mineral block Pb - usu. cattle taste testing junk or motor oil in the pasture |
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Term
Compare the causes of Se Tox, Cu Tox, and Pb Tox |
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Definition
Se - plants in western US Cu - usu. accidental ingestion when sheep are fed cattle ration or cattle mineral block Pb - usu. cattle taste testing junk or motor oil in the pasture |
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Term
Compare and contrast the CS of Se, Cu, and Pb toxicity |
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Definition
Se - GI signs if acute, CNS if chronic Cu - GI signs, increased thirst, icterus, lethargy, anemia, teeth grinding Pb - CNS signs, finding dead stock near fence |
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Term
Compare and contrast the treatment for Se, Cu, and Pb tox |
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Definition
No trx for Se Cu tox - supportive, daily ammonium molybdenate and sodium sulfate, increase Zn in diet Pb - vit B1, CaEDTA, Epsom salts (cathartic) |
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Term
Compare and contrast the Prevention measures for Se, Cu, and Pb tox |
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Definition
Se - remove seleniferous plants, treat soil Cu - feed only species specific rations/supplements Pb - remove junk and check for hazards |
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Term
Reportable disease of rabbits |
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Definition
Viral Hemorrhagic Disease |
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Term
Reportable diseases of Horses |
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Definition
EIA, Equine Piroplasmosis |
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Term
Reportable diseases of cattle |
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Definition
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Term
Reportable disease of swine |
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Definition
Swine Flu (depending on strain) |
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Term
Reportable diseases common in sheep and goats |
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Definition
Listeriosis, Contagious agalactia, Scrapie |
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Term
All other reportable diseases |
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Definition
Anthrax, CWD, Rabies, Foot and Mouth Diseases, Streptococcus (in some states) |
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Term
Rabbit diseases transmitted by contact and aerosol |
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Definition
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Term
Rabbit Diseases that may be transmitted by blood |
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Definition
Pasteurella, Viral Hemorrhagic Disease (via biting arthropods,) Genital Infection with Pasteurella |
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Term
4 rabbit diseases that can have asymptomatic carriers |
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Definition
Pasteurella, Bordetella, Salmonella, Staphylococcus |
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Term
Rabbit GI diseases transmitted by fecal/oral route |
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Definition
E. Coli, Clostridiium (Tyzzer's disease) |
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Term
Rabbit diseases that can cause death/sudden death |
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Definition
Tyzzer's disease, Salmonella, Viral Hemorrhagic disease, Sepsis due to pasteurella |
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Term
Distinct necropsy findings of salmonella |
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Definition
visceral hemorrhage, focal necrosis of the liver, ulcerative colitis |
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Term
Distinct necropsy findings of Tyzzer's disease |
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Definition
Visceral edema and hemorrhage, focal necrosis of myocardium and liver |
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Term
How do we prevent malocclusion in rabbits? |
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Definition
trim teeth every 6-8 weeks, good breeding |
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Term
Similarities between HYPP and Tying up (5) |
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Definition
Sporadic attacks, muscle spasms/tension, horses are alert and aware of surroundings, can be diagnosed by blood test, HYPP is genetic, tying up MAY be caused by a genetic disorder |
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Term
Compare the cause(s) of HYPP and Exertional Rhabdomyolysis |
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Definition
HYPP: genetic disorder - abnormal protein in Na Channels disrupts the normal ion concentration inside and outside of muscle cells, resulting in hyperexcitability of muscles and periodic flaccid paralysis. Tying up: cause is generally unknown. Sporadic attacks may be due to overexertion, electrolyte imbalance, hyperthermia, exercise with concurrent resp dz Chronic tying up may be due to a genetic disorder of muscle contractility or carbohydrate storage and utilization |
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Term
Differences in the CS of HYPP and tying up |
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Definition
HYPP signs include weakness, collapse, load breathing, sudden death. Tying up CS include soreness, inability to move, stiff gait, tachycardia, tachypnea, profuse sweating, and brown urine |
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Term
Differences in diagnosing HYPP and tying up |
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Definition
HYPP - blood test - DNA or increased K - or EMG Tying up - Hx, CS - blood test for increased CK, AST, LDH - urine test for myoglobin and hemoglobin |
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Term
Differences in the treatment of HYPP and tying up |
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Definition
HYPP: oral or IV carbs, insulin, acetazolamide, Low K diet, exercise, increase frequency of meals Tying up - don't move horse, keep them warm, provide H2O |
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Term
Prevention measures for HYPP and tying up |
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Definition
HYPP - responsible breeding Tying Up - prevent overexertion with warm up and cool down, decrease carbs, balanced electrolytes |
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Term
Retanined placentas in cows are often associated with _____ |
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Definition
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Term
What is the normal amount of time it takes for Cows, Mares, and Sows to expel placenta? |
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Definition
Cows - considered RP if not expelled in 12 hrs Horses - normal expel in 30 min, considered emergency if not within 1 hr Sows - some during farrowing, the rest immediately after or within several hours |
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Term
Compare and contrast the treatment for RP in cows, mares, and sows |
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Definition
Cows - no trx recommended besides AB and NSAIDs Mares - Oxytocin, lavage, AB, exercise Sows - Oxytocin, infuse uterus with AB, cut off exposed tissue |
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Term
Similarities between vaginal and uterine prolapse |
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Definition
more common in sheep and cattle, and in animals with a high BCS that are overfed and not exercised, resulting in atonic muscles. Treatment = DVM does an epidural, washes with antiseptic and replaces in the normal position |
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Term
Failure of Passive Transfer treatment in foals vs. calves |
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Definition
foals: 100 lb foal needs 32 oz in 3 feedings over 3 hours calves: 100 lb calf needs 2L, first feeding within 4 hrs, 2nd feeding before 12 hrs, and additional 2L when they reach 12 hrs |
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Term
Similarities between species with ketosis regarding physiology, CS, trx, and prevention |
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Definition
Energy demands exceed energy intake (not enough food creates negative energy balance.) Large amount of fat are mobilized and the liver cannot "catch up" with processing - ketone production exceeds ketone utilization. CS: increased ketones in blood, milk, and urine. In advanced stages, may cause listlessness, staggering, neuro symptoms. Trx = force feed glucose or glucose precursors such as propylene glycol. Prevention = adequate nutrition and exercise, maintain proper BCS, reduce stress |
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Term
Difference in alternative names for ketosis in sheep vs. ketosis in cows and goats |
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Definition
cows and goats = lactation ketosis sheep = lambing paralysis/pregnancy toxemia |
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Term
differences in WHEN ketosis occurs in cows/goats vs. sheep |
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Definition
freshened cows, caused by lactation and common fresh cow diseases. Sheep - common in sheep with multiple lambs - happens in last 3rd of pregnancy, before parturition. Ewes cannot physically eat enough to support the fetuses or they stop eating for another reason. Irreversible and deadly if not caught early. |
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Term
Differences in preventing ketosis in cows/dairy goats vs. sheep |
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Definition
Cows: increase feed AFTER calving Sheep: increase feed during last 6 weeks of gestation, deworm prior to breeding season, separate ewes with bad teeth from the flock, be VERY suspicious of the rest of the flock |
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Term
Explain how EIA is transmitted |
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Definition
Horse fly/deer fly bites infected animal -> elicits defensive reaction from horse -> blood meal interrupted -> fly bites another horse to finish, virus mechanically transmitted via mouthparts |
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Term
EEE/WEE vaccines are an inactivated, whole-virus product. What is the usual vaccine schedule? |
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Definition
Usually annually, but may vary due to age, vaccine status, region, and immune status. |
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Term
Symptoms and mortality rate of EEE in humans |
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Definition
fever, myalgia, headaches, nausea, eventually leads to neuro signs. High mortality. |
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Term
Symptoms of WEE in adult humans |
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Definition
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Term
symptoms of VEE in humans |
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Definition
acute, often mild systemic disease lasting 1-2 weeks. Affects fetuses in pregnant women. |
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