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Definition
| One of a set of noncontrastive realizations of the same phoneme; an actual phonetic segment) |
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Definition
| In phonology, a different between two or more phonetic forms that one might expect to be related. In morphology, the morphological process that uses morpheme-internal modifications to make new words or morphological distinctions |
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Definition
| A process by which a sound becomes more like a nearby sound in terms of some feature(s) |
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Definition
| The allophone of a phoneme that is used when none of the change-inducing conditions are fulfilled. Of a set of allophones, it is generally least limited in where it can occur; also termed the elsewhere allophone |
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Term
| Complementary Distribution |
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Definition
| The occurrence of sounds in a language such that they are never found in the same phonetic environment. Sounds that are in complementary distribution are allophones of the same phoneme |
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Definition
| Neighboring sounds of a given sound that cause it to undergo a change |
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Definition
| A term used to describe two sounds that can be used to differentiate words in a language |
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Definition
| The occurrence of sounds in a language such that theur use distinguishes between the meanings of the words in which they appear, indicating that those sounds are phonemes of the language in question. Sounds that are in contrastive distribution are allophones of different phonemes |
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Term
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Definition
| In phonology, a process by which a sound present in the phonemic form (= underlying form) is removed from the phonetic form in certain environments. In speech production, a production error involving the inadvertent omission of units |
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Term
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Definition
| In phonology, a process by which an underlying form is changed as phonological rules act upon it. In morphology, a morphological process that changes a word's lexical category or its meaning in some predictable way |
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Definition
| Process by which two nearby sounds become less alike with respect to some feature |
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Definition
| The set of phonetic environments in which a sound occurs |
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Definition
| The contexts that immediately precede and follow a sound |
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Definition
| Term used to refer to two sounds that occur in overlapping environments but cause no distinction in the meaning of their respective words |
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Definition
| Phonological process by which a segment not present in the phonemic (or underlying) form is added in the phonetic form |
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Definition
| A member of a natural class of sounds produced with the lips; includes both bilabial and labiodental sounds |
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Definition
| Switching of the order of two sounds, each taking the place of the other |
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Definition
| Two words that differ only by a single sound in the same position and that have different meanings |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of sounds in a language that satisfy a given description to the exclusion of other sounds in that language |
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Definition
| Similar to a minimal pair, but whereas the words in a minimal pair are identical apart from the contrastive sounds, the words in a near-minimal pair are only almost identical, apart from the contrastive sounds |
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Definition
| A term used to describe two sounds that are not used to differentiate words in a language |
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Definition
| Phonological, morphological, or syntactic rule that applies in the speech of all speakers of a language or dialect, regardless of style or rate of speech |
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Definition
| A natural class of sounds produced with an obstruction of the airflow in the oral cavity while the nasal cavity is closed off. Includes oral stops, fricatives, and affricates |
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Term
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Definition
| Phonological, morphological, or syntactic rule that may or may not apply in an individual's speech |
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Definition
| The occurrence of sounds in the same phonetic environments |
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Term
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Definition
| A class of speech sounds identified by a native speaker as the same sound; a mental entity (or category) related to various allophones by phonological rules. Phonemes are written between slashes, for example, /t/ |
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Term
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Definition
| The description of a relationship between a phoneme and its allophones and the conditioning environment in which the allophone appears |
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Definition
| The study of the sound system of a language, how the particular sounds contrast in each language to form an integrated system for encoding information, and how such systems differ from one language to another |
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Definition
| Restriction on possible combinations of sounds, often in particular environments |
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Definition
| An allophone of a phoneme that applies in a more limited set of phonetic environments |
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Definition
| A member of the natural class of sounds that are characterized by a high-pitched hissing quality |
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Term
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Definition
| Sound (usually voiced) produced with a relatively open passage of air flow. Nasals, liquids, glides, and vowels are all in this class |
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Definition
| A process whereby sounds that already exist in a language are used to replace sounds that do not exist in the language when borrowing or when a speaker is trying to pronounce a foreign word |
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Definition
| A process through which sounds are made "stronger" according to some criterion |
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Definition
| The phonemic form of a word or morpheme before phonological rules are applied |
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Definition
| Long distance assimilation between vowels |
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Definition
| A process through which sounds are made "weaker" according to some criterion |
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