groups who share religion, faith, substantive practices, ways of behaving cognizing socially transmitted ideas. Culture is ‘moving’ through space, time.

a part of culture because learned socially transmitted and teaches you about the world.  A code by means of mutual intelligibility.  Human language – speech signs, ruled by grammar

sounds are ephemeral, displaced longitudinal waves that propagate through space, ears amplify vibrations. Parameters: duration, amplitude, frequency, envelope, spectrum

cryptotypes: intransitive verbs, gender in English not marked.

• american indian
• helped Sapir to truly distinguish the difference between an allophone and a phoneme.

Hopi-

Benjamin Whorf- Native american language,5000 speakers

• plural not the same as in English.
• Time in Hopi is transitional, experienced in the now, perception of time indicated in their language.

• Swiss linguist
• Structural anthropology
• ideals of contrast and structure in systems

• the nature of things lays in the relationship between them
• elements have significance in relation to other elements in a system.
• the meaning of a sign is defined relationally.

• conceptual taxonomy of chilli pepper plant
• descripiton of how natives veiw the world based on culture and whats important to them.

Jacaltec-

Guatemala, Mayan language family

• Jacaltec has case markings, directionals and noun classifications.

·    VSO language, ergative-absolutive case-marking system, verbs contain information about aspect and mood

functional effects of language use from the standpoint of either the set of communicative interactions or individual speakers’ intentions. Not just semantic mean

• physical; saying of utterance

• creates something in the world
• I appoint, I promise you

• indexing what takes place in broader text structure

• performed at a wedding
• in the form of ululation- vocalizations mark ritual performances (ZAGARIT)
• indexes of tradition