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| The introduction of a words from one language to another. These can be anglicised or remain similar to the original in spelling and pronunciation |
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| The name of a person after whom something is named (for example, Sandwich or Braille) |
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| The name given to a product by one organisation becomes the commonly used name for the same product (For example, hoover or walkman |
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| A lexicalised word made up from the initial letters of a phrase (sounded as a word) such as RADAR |
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| A word made from initial letters, each being pronounced such as CD |
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| A new word produced by shortening an existing one such as 'edit' from 'editor' |
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| The addition of bound morphemes to an existing word (These include prefixes and suffixes) |
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| The addition of a bound morpheme to the beginning of the root word (For example, mega/uber) |
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| The addition of a bound morpheme to the end of a root word |
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| When a word changes its word class without adding a suffix (For example, 'text' can be used as a noun or a verb) |
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| The combining of separate words to create a new word, sometimes using a hyphen to link them ('Size zero', 'man flu' |
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| The removal of an imagined affix from an existing word (editor be edit, even though 'or' was not originally an affix) |
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| Two words fusing to make a new one ('smog' from smoke and fog) |
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| A word takes on a different, more positive meaning than it had previously, thereby gaining status |
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| A word takes on a different, more negative meaning than it had previously, so losing status |
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| A word loses the strength of its original meaning |
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| A word becomes more specific in its meaning |
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| A word keeps it's original meaning but acquires others |
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| A word acquires a new meaning because it is used metaphorically |
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| A way of describing something unpleasant in a more pleasant manner |
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| A speech form, or expression, that can't be understood literally from the meanings of the separate parts |
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| A process of linguistic change over a period of time |
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| An old word or phrase no longer in general spoken or written use |
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