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| Words which have been 'borrowed' from other languages, and are used now as part of the English language |
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| When an abbreviated word is eventually accepted as a word in its own right, for example 'Flu' is now accepted as a word as well as its full form of 'Influenza' |
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| A word formed using the initial letters of words within a phrase, but it must be pronounced as a word rather than just a list of letters |
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| An utterance formed using the initials of words within a phrase, but is not pronounced as a word. For example 'LOL', 'VCR' (Video cassette recorder) |
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| When new words are made by adding a prefix or suffix. For example, you can 'boot up' a computer, then you can 'reboot' it. |
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| A blend merges two words together. For example 'brunch' is a result of 'breakfast' and 'lunch'. |
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| A word derived from a proper noun. For example, people may refer to 'hoover up', regardless of whether they are actually using a Hoover brand, or a different brand. |
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| When the new use of a word is in a different word class to its older use. For example the word 'text' has become a verb, as in to text someone using a mobile. |
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| When over time the meaning of a word broadens to take on new meanings as well as retaining its old meaning |
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| When over time a words meaning becomes more specific |
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| When a word takes on a nicer meaning than it used to have. |
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| When a words meaning becomes less favourable over time |
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| A polite way of describing somthing unpleasent, or socially undesirable |
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| Words or symbols which are no longer in use |
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| Words from a Latin or French origin, which often have an extra 'e' or 'th' on the end, such as 'pleaseth' |
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| The use of images and layout of a page |
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The part of language study which looks at spelling |
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| The level of formality a text has |
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| The study of the way sentances are constructed |
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| The way texts are structured and joined together, begining, middle and end |
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