Term
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Definition
the smallest element in a language that carries meaning, Minimal unit of meaning.
Morpheme does NOT equal word
E.g., cat-s has two meaning units
Same form can be different morphemes (meanings) Cat’s, cats, she love-s him |
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Definition
| words, morphemes that can stand alone, |
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Term
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Definition
| allows for new members (N, V, Adj |
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Definition
| does not allow for new members (e.g., articles, auxiliary verbs, prepositions) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| prefixes, suffixes, infixes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| morphemes that can stand alone |
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Term
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Definition
version of a morpheme that depends on phonological environment
Plural –s, e.g.,
-s: cat-s, shark-s,snake-s ferret-s, rabbit-s, map-s,
-z: dog-z,owl-z, lion-z, chinchilla-z, pig-z, knive-z,
-ez: fox-ez, lynx-es, face-ez, match-ez, glass-es, church-ez, judge-z, gash-es, :
alveolar or palatal fricatives s
Past tense –ed,
-t, walk-t, stop-t, tip-t, cough-t, miff-t, kiss-t, cash-t,
-d, ban-ed, bath-ed, faz-ed, call-z, car-s
-et, glided, chatted, plotted: alveolar stop |
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Term
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Definition
Morphemes that make a word fit into the grammar of a sentence
1. Productive, regular: Extent to which it is possible to add to any member of class can
do with novel words (e.g., cratomize, frindle)
2. predictable: can figure out meaning from components
3. one suffix at end (in English_
4. Closed class & few in number. |
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Term
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Definition
Creates a new word with a new meaning
1. Not productive: canabalism vs. *carnavorism,; cubism vs. roundism, bigger vs
*enormouser;
2. Unpredictable: can’t figure out meaning from components: tasty vs. smelly,
vegetarian vs. humanitarian; achievement, assignment vs. containment.; kitchenette, diskette,
dinette, vs. majorette, bachelorette
3. Suffixes & prefixes. Can add multiple. Antidisestablishmentarianism
4. Open class: i-pod, i-tunes, i-calc; e-mail, e-commerce; Water-gate, Iran-gate, Monicagate;
ham-burger, veggie-burger, |
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Term
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Definition
Regularization errors show that children don’t simply learn inflections by rote ex.mouses, eated, goed, bringed, brang, branged
Ring -> rang; sing -> sang; sink -> sank: drink - >drank, Bring - > brang. |
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Term
| when do children begin to pas "wug" test |
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Definition
| Children begin to pass wug test between 2 and 3 |
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Term
| Children produce all or most English inflections by? |
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Definition
3 or 4 in English
Acquire those that are more regular and frequent first (-ing, plural –s) |
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Term
| Derivational morphemes aquired before or after inflectional morphemes? |
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Definition
acquired and mastered considerably later, ex. 1. Begin producing the most productive and predictable first (e. g. teach-er)
2. First start passing wug test with some derivational morphemes around 5
3. Still learning derivational morphemes much later (e.g., increase SAT verbal)
4. Regularization errors
*gianter, *disgustinger
*painter to mean “paintbrush" |
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| Kiparsky’s model is called |
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Definition
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| how many levels in Kiparsky’s model? |
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Definition
| 3 Levels of Rules in Kiparsky’s Model, |
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Term
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Definition
Derivational morphemes that are unproductive and semantically unpredictable
(e.g., -ion, -ous, -ity, -th, in-)
2. Inflectional morphemes that are irregular (e.g., foot -> feet, eat -> ate)
3. Properties: Adding a Level 1 morpheme often has phonological effects on the
base or root morpheme (e.g., -ion
a. Shift in stress pattern: photograph - > photography, Economy -
>ecoNOMic)
b. Vowel reduction: economy -> economics
c. Vowel change: eat -> ate, goose - > geese
d. Consonant changes: populate - >population, |
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Term
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Definition
i. fairly productive
ii. fairly semantically predictable
iii. Non-stem deforming
iv. Examples
1. Compounding: base+ball
2. Agentive –er: teach+er |
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Term
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Definition
Inflectional morphemes that are
i. Regular
2. Non-stem deforming
3. Examples: -s plurals, -ed past tense, progressive –ing, possessive –s |
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Definition
Using a noun as a verb. very common in English (e.g., to garden, to table
a motion, to chair a meeting) |
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Definition
a. You have to scale it, (2 years, 4 months = 2;4)
b. I broomed her (2;7)
c. Is it all needled (3;2) |
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Definition
a. Mommy trousered me, 2;3
b. I’m crackering my soup, 3;11
c. Will you chocolate my milk? 4;0 |
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