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Landforms and Waterways
Basic Terms and Definitions
45
Geography
8th Grade
09/28/2011

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Term
Alluvial Fan
Definition
A broad, circular fan-shaped deposit of sediments found in deserts where erosional stream channels meet the valley floor and spread out, depositing the stream load.
Term
Aquifer
Definition
An underground reservior of water which can be extracted for surface use.
Term
Archipelago
Definition
A chain of islands or set of islands grouped together
Term
Atoll
Definition
A circular coral reef that encloses a shallow lagoon
Term
Bay
Definition
Any wide indentation of the land. Larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf
Term
Brook
Definition
A small water body that flows with gravity; typically smaller than a creek.
Term
Channel
Definition
A narrow strait of water between two land masses that connects two larger water bodies
Term
Continents
Definition
The major land masses of the earth.
Term
Cove
Definition
A small indentations of land by a lake, sea, or ocean. Smaller than a bay
Term
Creek
Definition
A body of water that flows with gravity; larger than a brook but smaller than a river.
Term
Delta
Definition
The often triangular-shaped alluvial deposition area at the mouth of a river.
Term
Estuary
Definition
The wide end of a river when it meets the sea; salty tidal water mixes with the fresh water of the river here
Term
Fjord
Definition
A coastal valley which was sculpted by glacial action
Term
Glacier
Definition
A large mass of ice that moves over the land, carving and eroding surfaces as it moves
Term
Gulf
Definition
A large inlet of water surrounded by land; usually surrounded on three sides by land. Larger than a bay.
Term
Inlet
Definition
A indentation of water into land; usually of a small size
Term
Island
Definition
A body of land surrounded on all sides by water
Term
Isthmus
Definition
A narrow strip of land that is bordered on two sides by water and connects two larger land masses
Term
Karst
Definition
A landscape composed of limestone features including sinkholes, caves, and underground streams
Term
Lagoon
Definition
A small, shallow body of water between a barrier island or a coral reef and the mainland, also a small body of water surrounded by an atoll
Term
Lake
Definition
Any accumulation of water surrounded by land, often of a considerable size. Larger than a pond but smaller than an inland sea
Term
Mesa
Definition
A large flat-topped but steep-sided landform; they shrink to become buttes. Spanish for table
Term
Mountain
Definition
A prominent and large mass of land that extends above the surrounding topography. Larger than a hill
Term
Ocean
Definition
The largest bodies of water on the planet
Term
Piedmont
Definition
An area that lies in the foothills of a mountain range.
Term
Pond
Definition
A small lake, surrounded by land. Most often found in a natural depression
Term
Reservoir
Definition
An artificial lake of water held behind a dam to store water for irrigation, drinking, recreation, power, or other use
Term
River
Definition
A river is a large stream that flows over land. It is often a perennial (year-round) water body and usually flows in a specific channel, with a considerable volume of water
Term
Sea
Definition
Either a very large lake that contains salt water or a portion of an ocean (can be surrounded by water or surrounded by land).
Term
Stream
Definition
A generic term for any body of flowing water
Term
Tributary
Definition
a stream of water that flows into another body of water.
Term
Wetland
Definition
Land which is often saturated with water, such as a marsh or swamp.
Term
Waterfall
Definition
A location in the long profile of a stream where water flows vertically.
Term
Valley
Definition
A linear depression in the landscape that slopes down to a stream, lake or the ocean.
Term
Volcano
Definition
An elevated area of land created from the release of lava and ejection of ash and rock fragments from and volcanic vent.
Term
Undercut Bank
Definition
Steep bank found on the inside of stream meanders
Term
Nickpoint
Definition
Point on the long profile of a stream where the gradient is broken by a sudden drop in elevation
Term
Berm
Definition
Low hill of sand that forms along coastal beaches
Term
Bog
Definition
A habitat that consists of waterlogged spongy ground.
Term
Zeugen
Definition
a table-shaped area of rock found in arid and semi-arid areas formed when more resistant rock is reduced at a slower rate than softer rocks around it under the effects of wind erosion.
Term
Yardang
Definition
a ridge of rock in an arid area which is aligned to the prevailing wind direction.
Term
Wadi
Definition
steep-sided valley or ravine in desert and semi-arid areas.
Term
Headland
Definition
at the coast, land jutting out-further into the sea and separating bays
Term
Headwaters
Definition
the uppermost portion of a river course close to the source.
Term
junction
Definition
the point where two streams of flowing water merge. also a confluence
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