Term
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Definition
| Increase in the number of people over the next 40 years |
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Term
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Definition
Reason for recession from 1973-1975.
Mortgage: 12.00% |
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Term
| Energy Crisis/Tight Monetary Policy |
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Definition
Reason for recession from 1980-1982
Mortgage: 20.50% |
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Term
| Black Monday: Largest 1 day decline in stock market history |
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Definition
Reason for recession from 1990-1991.
Started 10/19/87
Mortgage: 10.00% |
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Term
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Definition
| Future of development. whether horizontal or vertical mixed use |
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Term
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Definition
| Element of integration that will strengthen sustainable communities |
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Term
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Definition
| Element of integration that will guide commercial and residential choices and make those that are sensitive to it strive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes local government can make to maintain flexibility and make strides toward sustainable communities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Requirement of developers, by the government, to build or improve. |
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Term
| Land Development Engineers |
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Definition
1)Assist and recommend in the purchase of land.
2)Planning of subdivisions and non-residential site plans.
3)Develop cost effective engineering solutions/ideas.
4)Influence the profitability of a project.
5)Impact the way people live.
6)Establishes a level of importance for land development projects.
7) Thread between all design team members. |
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Term
| Differences in Land Parcels |
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Definition
1) Configuration
2) Site Characteristics
3) Site Constraints
4) Location |
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Term
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Definition
1) Government Regulations
2) Design Approach
3) Intended Use
4) Client Vision |
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Term
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Definition
| Be on time and within budget |
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Term
| Land Purchase for Future Use |
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Definition
1)Unimproved raw land for company inventory w/o design or approvals.
2)Purchase available land below market price
3)site analysis
4)Yearly Assessment |
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Term
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Definition
| Determine future problems that might limit the development potential of a site |
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Term
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Definition
| Required to protect a purchased land from down zoning, master plan changes, restrictions to use or adjacent property use. |
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Term
| Regional Developer Approach for Selling Unimproved Raw land w/ Approval and Permits |
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Definition
1)Find Land
2)Site Analysis
3)Option property and design project
4)Obtain approvals and permits
5)Sell the design, approvals and permits |
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Term
| Sale of Improved or Approved Right of Way |
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Definition
1)Business plan of a developer b/c it's overly cautious due to market and financial constraints.
2)End users are builders and home owners
3)Requires substantial cash flow and bonding capacity. Designed to allow product flexibility and phase to limit cash flow
4)Requires covenants and restrictions to protect integrity of subdivision
5)Push as much cost onto lot purchaser
6)Infrastructure phase will permit reductions in performance bond amounts prior to completion to obtain maintenance bonds quicker.
7) Sell lots so that the end user will make a profit and be consistent with the market. Price reductions are common. |
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Term
| Improve Right of Way and Build/Sell Homes |
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Definition
1)Business plan of a “builder developer”
2)End users are individual home buyers
3)Market sensitive
4)Require a market study - critical
5)Determine special market segments
6)Highly competitive marketplace
7)Many companies will not survive this downturn
8)National companies may be in a position to increase their market share |
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Term
| $200 per Foot of Lot Frontage |
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Definition
| Cost per foot of lot frontage |
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Term
| Thoughts on Time and Schedule:Developer |
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Definition
Time is money
Hurry Up and Wait – then complete asap
They always want to accelerate the schedule |
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Term
| Thoughts on Time and Schedule:Engineer |
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Definition
Time is money
Should we allow our schedule to be negotiated
Can we miss the schedule
Lack of time = Lack of quality |
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Term
| Thoughts on Time and Schedule:Regulator |
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Definition
Time is NOT money
Review process with time tables or open-ended
Regulators remember sub-quality design work – equates to plans being considered “probably” wrong when submitted on a new project |
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Term
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Definition
1)Understand the needs of your client (specifically the person your are working with)
2)Set reasonable schedules to meet project goals and obtain agreement with your client
3)Do not negotiate time frames
4)Meet the approved scheduled dates
5)Remember Quality is the answer
6)Commitments made must be commitments kept
7)The land development business has always been based on relationships |
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Term
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Definition
1) Community, Local Government & Public
2)Client
3)Project design
4)Yourself and your profession |
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Term
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Definition
| In order to be successful, what a land development engineer must be registered as. |
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Term
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Definition
| A technique for consulting with all stakeholders. Typically involves intense and possibly multi-day meetings, involving municipal officials, developers, and residents. Promotes joint ownership of solutions and attempts to defuse typical confrontational attitudes between residents and developers. |
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Term
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Definition
| An approach to land development that uses various land planning, design practices, and technologies to simultaneously conserve and protect natural resource systems and reduce infrastructure costs. |
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Term
| Low Impact Development Basic tools |
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Definition
Encourage conservation measures
Promote impact minimization techniques such as impervious surface reduction
Provide for strategic runoff timing by slowing flow using the landscape
Use an array of integrated management practices to reduce and cleanse runoff
Advocate pollution prevention measures to reduce the introduction of pollutants to the environment
Increase open space areas & saving natural vegetation
Narrow street sections
Open-section streets (eliminate curb and gutter)
Cluster Zoning
Protecting environmentally sensitive areas
Lot BMP’s such as rain gardens for rain leaders
Onsite wastewater treatment options |
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Term
| Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) |
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Definition
A rating system that integrates the principles of smart growth, new urbanism, and green building into the first national standard for neighborhood design.
It is being developed by US Green Building Council (USGBC) in partnership with the Congress for the New Urbanism (CNU) and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). |
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Term
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Definition
Difficult to achieve and measure.
Influenced by market, physical, regulatory, financial, and political issues.
Constantly changing because of growth pressures.
Federal, state, or local level, view and address differently. |
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Term
| Achieving Economic Sustainability |
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Definition
Amending Land Use and Development Codes to require a fiscal impact analysis for major development projects to determine if the development would benefit the community from a financial perspective.
Pursuing opportunities that diversify the basic industries and revenue streams within the community
Evaluating land use needs, availability and patterns for industrial and commercial uses
Identifying, seeking, and recruiting target industries
Understanding the local economy, economic development capacity, and supporting infrastructure
Diversification |
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Term
| Why Mixed Use is Essential |
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Definition
1)Creates a sense of place, community, life and vibrancy.
2)Reduced maintenance costs b/c locals can use the infrastructure in different ways
3)Health and Environmental Benefits from decreased need to drive
4)Residents not left out of opportunities that may need a long distance to drive to
5)Local employment opportunities |
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Term
| Horizontal Mixed Use Projects |
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Definition
These communities balanced economic, environmental and social factors into successful examples of sustainable land development projects providing a sense of community.
Large scale planned communities provide the proper balance between economic, environmental and social considerations.
A Town within A Town |
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Term
| Sustainability of Vertical Mixed Use |
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Definition
Social-Include Live/Work Units
Environmental-Open space, SWM, & BMP’s
Economic-Price points for-sale units, rentals, & lease rates can vary |
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Term
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Definition
Expects it.
Start from the top and works down through the
organization |
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Term
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Definition
Essential in client relations
Start from the bottom and work up through their organization |
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Term
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Definition
| Do regulators respond to the developer or to the consultants? |
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Term
| Land Development Engineers - Goals: |
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Definition
Know the regulations
Know the reviewers
Submit quality work on time
Quality minimizes government comments which expedites the process and
saves your client money and time and
saves us money and time and government appreciates quality set of plans |
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Term
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Definition
If they do not hear from us, they do not think we are
working on their project
They want to hear from us constantly, they don’t necessarily care how |
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Term
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Definition
Must keep track of work product
What is your best communication tool?
Phone calls requiring follow-up documentation
e-mails
fax
face to face meetings |
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Term
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Definition
Do they want to hear from the engineer or developer?
Do you run the risk of contacting them too many times? |
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Term
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Definition
Soil Conservation District
Watershed District
Coastal Agency
Transportation District |
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Term
| State Government Agencies |
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Definition
Department of Transportation
Department of Environmental Protection |
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Term
| Federal Government Agencies |
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Definition
Corps of Engineers
Environmental Protection Agency
Housing and Urban Development |
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Term
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Definition
| A vision for the future possibilities of development in neighborhoods, districts, cities or any defined planning area |
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Term
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Definition
A tool for implementing land use plans.
Regulates the types of activities that can be accommodated on a given piece of land, the amount of space for those activities and the ways buildings may be placed or shaped |
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Term
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Definition
| (Building on Ground)/(Total Area of Lot) |
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Term
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Definition
| (Total Area of Housing Footprint+Driveway+Patio+Walkways)/(Total Area of Lot) |
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Term
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Definition
Discover all of the reasons “why not to buy the property”
Prime developable land is scarce to find and there is “something wrong” with the available land
“Minimize the risk” in developing land
Identify the “cost implications” of the site constraints |
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Term
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Definition
Review of Property Boundary Survey, if available
Tax Map
Zoning Map
Topographic Survey or GIS Map
Aerial Map
Street Map and Community Amenities
Soils Map |
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Term
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Definition
Property Description and Ownership
Legal Description
Tax Map and Parcel Size
Master Plan Compliance
Future Road Alignments & Right-of-Way Dedications
Review of Phase I Environmental Study, if available
Site Pictures |
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Term
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Definition
Designation
Permitted and Conditional Uses
Zoning Restrictions, Bulk Requirements, and Constraints
Density Bonus
Yield Analysis, Open Space and Buffer Requirements |
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Term
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Definition
Current Rezoning Applications
Development Impact on Services & Existing Infrastructure
Dedications, Easements and Encroachments
Road Access, Offsite Road Improvements & Onsite Road Circulation
Land Development Regulations
SWM & BMP Facility Requirements & maintenance
Community “Hot Buttons”
Entitlement, Approval and Permitting Process |
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Term
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Definition
Existing and Proposed Uses
Positive and Negative Surrounding Property Analysis
Neighborhood Reaction to Development Plans
Political Assessment |
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Term
| Government Staff Comments & Influences |
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Definition
Political climate toward development i.e. trends
Planning & Zoning Department
Engineering Department
Public Works
Water and Sewer Departments
Building Department
Police Department
Fire Department
Emergency Services |
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Term
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Definition
Determine:
unsuitable soil and type of soil
investigation for rock
determine seasonal high water table |
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Term
| Topography Benefits & Constraints |
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Definition
earthwork constraints steep/flat – cost issues
slope analysis for views & housing types
golf course opportunities |
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Term
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Definition
Trees – type, size, location
Wetland areas
Buffers and Conservation areas
Stream corridors and flood plains
Open Space opportunities
Pedestrian corridors
Recreational opportunities |
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Term
| Utilities & Traffic: (Water Availability) |
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Definition
water distribution network to serve site & cost implications
community water resources
irrigation requirements for common areas |
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Term
| Utilities & Traffic: (Sewer Availability) |
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Definition
developers agreement
offsite improvement requirements to serve site
cost implications |
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Term
| Utilities & Traffic: (Off-Site Improvements) |
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Definition
projects generate traffic
traffic lights
offsite road improvements
regulatory agency approvals |
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Term
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Definition
| The greatest potential ROI |
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Term
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Definition
Purchaser obtains a legal title to the property.
Seller receives a down payment and periodic payments.
Buyer can back out.
Includes contractual provisions that provide escape clauses in case all valued market estimates, opinions and market conditions fail to materialize. |
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Term
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Definition
Buyer pays an initial price to obtain rights to buy for a fixed period of time.
Buyer can get out of sale an lose only the down payment.
Inexpensive way to control property over a period of time allowing for market conditions, rezoning, appeals, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Seller retains ownership of the property but prepares a negotiated down payment and list of payments, principal, interest.
Typical with landowners who can keep ownership and have no real need to sell the land, such as with a purchase money mortgage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sell the land to an investor, who then leases it back to a developer for the eventual development of the property |
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Term
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Definition
Developer provides management and investor provides funding.
The risk is spread to all parties. |
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Term
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Definition
| Raise capital through multiple investors and manages capital |
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Term
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Definition
An association of two or people carrying out a single activity for profit.
Developer and landowner combine to reduce financial liability.
The best technique to be used for developing land. |
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Term
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Definition
For more than one parcel of real estate and generally associated with single family housing projects.
Lending institution releases individual parcels or lots from the lien on the property by the lender. |
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Term
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Definition
| First element of the loan package which contains a brief description and location of the proposed project, the financial requests and highlights of the project. |
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Term
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Definition
Provides a summary of the transaction parameters with an outline of the collateral and type of financing requested.
Indicates the timing for the project and any other information the bank would need. |
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Term
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Definition
| plan that details the geographic area, demographics, building activities, trends in the marketplace and projections supporting the financial request |
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Term
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Definition
| Document which details the cash flow requirements anticipated for the best and worst case scenarios. |
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Term
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Definition
Includes any reports generated by the company for similar types of projects.
Include weekly reporting of traffic and sales information, construction schedules, accounting reports.
Provide a methodology of reporting the construction activities on a continuous basis to the lender |
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Term
| Project Activity Schedule |
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Definition
| Activity list that represents an example of the time frame for each housing activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Should be approved by company staff members before the expenditure of funds for the preliminary and final design phases |
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Term
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Definition
| Highlights key elements of the project completion schedule from the land planning phase through obtaining the certificate of occupancy and submission due dates to regulatory agencies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Injected back into the company at the first closing and when certificate of occupancy is obtained. |
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Term
| Housing Inventory Schedules |
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Definition
Tracks each housing sequence under construction including start date forecasted date, completion closing and inventory units.
Can assess the need to buy more raw land or approved housing projects |
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Term
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Definition
Maintained by the field superintendent.
Details daily activities and is a historical accounting of the project and should be specific on matters of compliance with the contract agreement |
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Term
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Definition
Plans in the field office showing the road layout and water, sewage and drainage facilities for the project.
Important for government inspectors, in house management officers and outside professional reviewing and approving construction activities. |
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Term
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Definition
Should be attached to every payment request.
Important for the contractor to notify the client that there are no payment problems with any subs or suppliers.
If not submitted, this action could ultimately affect the progress of the project. |
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Term
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Definition
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