Term
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Definition
What to expect/ how severe is the illness/ will I recover |
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Term
Standard Precautions for Lab specimen collections |
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Definition
PPE, NO re-capping, Labeling, sharps disposal and transporting |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Complete Blood Count (CBC) |
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Definition
Blood smears, platelets, RBCs, WBCs, Hemoglobin, and hematocrit |
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Term
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Definition
neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils |
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Term
Adult RBC Count (Male and Female) |
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Definition
4.7-6.1 (male) 4.2-5.4 (female) 4.2-5.4 (covenant) |
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Term
Factors that increase RBCs |
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Definition
altitude, dehydration and drugs |
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Term
Factors that decrease RBCs |
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Definition
Pregnancy, over hydration and drugs |
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Term
Normal Hemoglobin levels in an adult |
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Definition
Male 14-18 g/dl Female 12-16 g/dl |
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Term
Critical levels of hemoglobin |
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Definition
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Term
What does hemoglobin measure? |
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Definition
Measures concentration of hemoglobin in the blood; correlates with RBC counts |
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Term
Factors that cause increase in hemoglobin |
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Definition
Pregnancy, AM dosing, drugs and smoking Hemoglobin that is too high could cause stroke. |
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Term
When is WBC count lowest? |
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Definition
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Term
Factors that decrease hemoglobin levels |
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Definition
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Term
Problems if hemoglobin is too high |
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Definition
heart disease, COPD, dehydration |
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Term
Hematocrit normal adult levels |
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Definition
42-52% (male) 37-47% (women) CRITICAL values <15% or >60% |
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Term
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Definition
Larger RBCs, dehydration, high altitudes |
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Term
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Definition
elevated WBCs, hemodilution, pregnancy, drugs |
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Term
What does hematocrit indicate? |
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Definition
What percent is cell and what percent is plasma |
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Term
More plasma than RBC's could indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Mean corpuscular volume... indicates size or volume of RBC |
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Term
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Definition
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin...measurement of weight or amount of hemoglobin in cell |
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Term
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Definition
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration...average percentage of hemoglobin in cell |
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Term
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Definition
Red blood cell distribution width with measurements. It looks at different sizes |
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Term
Adult norms for WBC counts |
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Definition
Covenant (3.8-10.8) 5,000-10,000 CRITICAL LEVELS <2500 or >30,000 |
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Term
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Definition
infection, neoplasm, allergy, immunosuppression |
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Term
Factors that increase WBC |
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Definition
drugs, eating, late pm, late preg/labor and stress |
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Term
Factors that decrease WBCs |
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Definition
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Term
A shift to the left is what? |
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Definition
An indication that there has been an increase in neutrophils and in immature cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
150-400 k/uL Normal levels <50,000 or > 1,000,000 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
20-40% increase no matter what the problem is |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
2-8% increase with infection or injury they are not specific |
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Term
Platelets are used to indicate |
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Definition
evaluation of thrombocytopenia, spontaneous bleeding or petechiae |
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Term
What happens when spleen is removed? |
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Definition
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Term
Complete metabolic panel consists of what? |
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Definition
Electrolytes, BUN and creatinine, total protein, albumin, bilirubin, ALT, AST, and ALK phos |
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Term
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Definition
8.4-11 mg/dL Calcium is necessary for normal clotting |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
134-145mmol/L Affects brain |
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Term
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Definition
3.5-5.3mmol/L Affects heart |
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Term
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Definition
9-21mg/dL Used to indicated acute renal failure Critical values are greater than 100 |
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Term
High levels of BUN values could indicate what? |
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Definition
shock, sepsis and CHF resulting from low perfusion to kidneys; excretion of urea is diminished |
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Term
Low levels of BUN could indicate what? |
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Definition
nephrotic syndrome which causes loss of protein... liver failure indicates a failure to produce urea. |
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Term
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Definition
0.8-1.5mg/dL Critical values >4mg/dL |
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Term
Creatinine labs are used to detect what? |
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Definition
an elevation of renal functioning |
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Term
Factors that cause increase in creatinine? |
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Definition
evening, dehydration, drugs and high meat intake |
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Term
Normal Total Protein values |
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Definition
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Term
What does the Total protein level indicate? |
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Definition
Used to monitor cancers, immune disorders, liver function, nutrition, chronic edematous states |
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Term
High levels of total protein indicate what? |
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Definition
Excess tourniquet time and drugs |
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Term
There is a decrease in protein levels when? |
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Definition
There are drugs involved, close to IV site |
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Term
Pre-albumin normal levels |
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Definition
15-36mg/dL critical <10.7 mg/dL |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What does the total protein count consist of? |
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Definition
Albumin, pre albumin and globulin |
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Term
Total bilirubin normal values |
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Definition
0.3-1 mg/dL Indications to elevate liver function and hemolytic anemias Direct (conjugated) Indirect (unconjugated) |
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Term
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Definition
AST--> 5-45 units/L ALT--> 7-72 units/L |
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Term
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Definition
10.1-12.8 seconds CRITICAL VALUE > 20 seconds |
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Term
INR (international normalized ratio) |
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Definition
0.8-1.1 Critical value >5.5 Used to indicate bleeding risks to monitor anticoagulant therapies |
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Term
Activated partial thromboplastin time |
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Definition
23.3-37.1 seconds Critical value is above 70 seconds Indications to monitor bleeding risks, monitoring anticoagulants like heparin. |
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Term
Why are serum draws used? |
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Definition
To determine amount of drug left in the blood |
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Term
Protein in urine greater than 5 indicates what? |
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Definition
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Term
On average the pH of urine is what? |
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Definition
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Term
The color on the film is based on what? |
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Definition
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Term
More dense equals lighter or darker color? |
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Definition
lighter due to more energy in area |
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Term
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Definition
produces a live feed. Use of barium dye |
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Term
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Definition
Three dimensional and cross-sectional Entire circumference of body is seen. |
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Term
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Definition
affects blood cell production, could cause cancers, can have genetic effects on eggs and sperm |
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Term
X-ray is especially risky when? |
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Definition
Early stages of pregnancy |
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Term
When do you NOT use barium dyes? |
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Definition
When there is a suspected perforation of colon or GI tract |
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Term
When would you use a flexible scope? |
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Definition
In the color or soft tissue |
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Term
When would you use a rigid scope? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the purpose of endoscopic studies? |
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Definition
visualization for diagnosis, biopsy, removal of tissue, coagulate blood vessels. |
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Term
What is a necessity before a patient undergoes an endoscopy? |
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Definition
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Term
GI endoscopes go before what? |
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Definition
Use of contrast mediums such as barium |
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Term
Nuclear scanning is used for what? |
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Definition
Cancer staging and evaluation of patency of arteries (coronary) |
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