Term
|
Definition
| What to expect/ how severe is the illness/ will I recover |
|
|
Term
| Standard Precautions for Lab specimen collections |
|
Definition
| PPE, NO re-capping, Labeling, sharps disposal and transporting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complete Blood Count (CBC) |
|
Definition
| Blood smears, platelets, RBCs, WBCs, Hemoglobin, and hematocrit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils |
|
|
Term
| Adult RBC Count (Male and Female) |
|
Definition
4.7-6.1 (male)
4.2-5.4 (female)
4.2-5.4 (covenant) |
|
|
Term
| Factors that increase RBCs |
|
Definition
| altitude, dehydration and drugs |
|
|
Term
| Factors that decrease RBCs |
|
Definition
| Pregnancy, over hydration and drugs |
|
|
Term
| Normal Hemoglobin levels in an adult |
|
Definition
Male 14-18 g/dl
Female 12-16 g/dl |
|
|
Term
| Critical levels of hemoglobin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does hemoglobin measure? |
|
Definition
| Measures concentration of hemoglobin in the blood; correlates with RBC counts |
|
|
Term
| Factors that cause increase in hemoglobin |
|
Definition
Pregnancy, AM dosing, drugs and smoking
Hemoglobin that is too high could cause stroke. |
|
|
Term
| When is WBC count lowest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Factors that decrease hemoglobin levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Problems if hemoglobin is too high |
|
Definition
| heart disease, COPD, dehydration |
|
|
Term
| Hematocrit normal adult levels |
|
Definition
42-52% (male)
37-47% (women)
CRITICAL values <15% or >60% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Larger RBCs, dehydration, high altitudes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elevated WBCs, hemodilution, pregnancy, drugs |
|
|
Term
| What does hematocrit indicate? |
|
Definition
| What percent is cell and what percent is plasma |
|
|
Term
| More plasma than RBC's could indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mean corpuscular volume... indicates size or volume of RBC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin...measurement of weight or amount of hemoglobin in cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration...average percentage of hemoglobin in cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Red blood cell distribution width with measurements. It looks at different sizes |
|
|
Term
| Adult norms for WBC counts |
|
Definition
Covenant (3.8-10.8)
5,000-10,000
CRITICAL LEVELS <2500 or >30,000 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infection, neoplasm, allergy, immunosuppression |
|
|
Term
| Factors that increase WBC |
|
Definition
| drugs, eating, late pm, late preg/labor and stress |
|
|
Term
| Factors that decrease WBCs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A shift to the left is what? |
|
Definition
| An indication that there has been an increase in neutrophils and in immature cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
150-400 k/uL
Normal levels <50,000 or > 1,000,000 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
20-40%
increase no matter what the problem is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2-8%
increase with infection or injury they are not specific |
|
|
Term
| Platelets are used to indicate |
|
Definition
| evaluation of thrombocytopenia, spontaneous bleeding or petechiae |
|
|
Term
| What happens when spleen is removed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complete metabolic panel consists of what? |
|
Definition
| Electrolytes, BUN and creatinine, total protein, albumin, bilirubin, ALT, AST, and ALK phos |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
8.4-11 mg/dL
Calcium is necessary for normal clotting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
134-145mmol/L
Affects brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3.5-5.3mmol/L
Affects heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
9-21mg/dL
Used to indicated acute renal failure
Critical values are greater than 100 |
|
|
Term
| High levels of BUN values could indicate what? |
|
Definition
| shock, sepsis and CHF resulting from low perfusion to kidneys; excretion of urea is diminished |
|
|
Term
| Low levels of BUN could indicate what? |
|
Definition
| nephrotic syndrome which causes loss of protein... liver failure indicates a failure to produce urea. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
0.8-1.5mg/dL
Critical values >4mg/dL |
|
|
Term
| Creatinine labs are used to detect what? |
|
Definition
| an elevation of renal functioning |
|
|
Term
| Factors that cause increase in creatinine? |
|
Definition
| evening, dehydration, drugs and high meat intake |
|
|
Term
| Normal Total Protein values |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the Total protein level indicate? |
|
Definition
| Used to monitor cancers, immune disorders, liver function, nutrition, chronic edematous states |
|
|
Term
| High levels of total protein indicate what? |
|
Definition
| Excess tourniquet time and drugs |
|
|
Term
| There is a decrease in protein levels when? |
|
Definition
| There are drugs involved, close to IV site |
|
|
Term
| Pre-albumin normal levels |
|
Definition
15-36mg/dL
critical <10.7 mg/dL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the total protein count consist of? |
|
Definition
| Albumin, pre albumin and globulin |
|
|
Term
| Total bilirubin normal values |
|
Definition
0.3-1 mg/dL
Indications to elevate liver function and hemolytic anemias
Direct (conjugated)
Indirect (unconjugated) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AST--> 5-45 units/L
ALT--> 7-72 units/L |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
10.1-12.8 seconds
CRITICAL VALUE > 20 seconds |
|
|
Term
| INR (international normalized ratio) |
|
Definition
0.8-1.1
Critical value >5.5
Used to indicate bleeding risks to monitor anticoagulant therapies |
|
|
Term
| Activated partial thromboplastin time |
|
Definition
23.3-37.1 seconds
Critical value is above 70 seconds
Indications to monitor bleeding risks, monitoring anticoagulants like heparin. |
|
|
Term
| Why are serum draws used? |
|
Definition
| To determine amount of drug left in the blood |
|
|
Term
| Protein in urine greater than 5 indicates what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On average the pH of urine is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The color on the film is based on what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| More dense equals lighter or darker color? |
|
Definition
| lighter due to more energy in area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produces a live feed. Use of barium dye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Three dimensional and cross-sectional
Entire circumference of body is seen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affects blood cell production, could cause cancers, can have genetic effects on eggs and sperm |
|
|
Term
| X-ray is especially risky when? |
|
Definition
| Early stages of pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| When do you NOT use barium dyes? |
|
Definition
| When there is a suspected perforation of colon or GI tract |
|
|
Term
| When would you use a flexible scope? |
|
Definition
| In the color or soft tissue |
|
|
Term
| When would you use a rigid scope? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of endoscopic studies? |
|
Definition
| visualization for diagnosis, biopsy, removal of tissue, coagulate blood vessels. |
|
|
Term
| What is a necessity before a patient undergoes an endoscopy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GI endoscopes go before what? |
|
Definition
| Use of contrast mediums such as barium |
|
|
Term
| Nuclear scanning is used for what? |
|
Definition
Cancer staging and evaluation of patency of arteries
(coronary) |
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