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Laboratory Normal Values
Lab values given in first lecture packet
42
Medical
Professional
08/29/2011

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Term
What encompasses normal range?
Definition
95%, within 2 standard deviations from the mean
Term
Formula to test for sensitivity
Definition
TP/(TP + FN) x 100
Term
15 tests given as part of a chemistry survey.
Definition
Glucose, Total bilirubin, Total protein, Albumin, Alkaline phosphatase, BUN, Uric acid, Creatinine, AST, ALT, Cholesterol, LDH, Calcium, Phosphate, Magnesium
Term
Glucose test
Definition
Normal Range: 60-110 mg/dl
Measures caloric energy source
Term
Total bilirubin test
Definition
Normal Range: Less than 1.0 mg/dl
Measures breakdown of hemoglobin
Term
Total protein test
Definition
Normal Range: 6.0-7.7 g/dl
Includes globulins, gamma globulins, albumin
Term
Albumin test
Definition
Normal range: 3.5-5.0 g/dl
Responsible for oncotic pressure and binding
Half-life: 15-20 days
Term
Alkaline phosphatase test
Definition
Normal Range: 20-120 IU/L
Cleaves phosphate from single phosphate groups at increased pH
Elevated levels associated with cholestasis
Term
BUN test
Definition
Normal Range: 8-30 mg/dl
Final product of protein metabolism, urea forms in the liver from ammonia (measures nitrogen portion, ~47%)
Term
Uric acid test
Definition
Normal Range: Male - 4-8 mg/dl; Female - 2.6-7 mg/dl
End product of purine metabolism
Term
Creatinine test
Definition
Normal Range: Less than 1.5 mg/dl
By product of the breakdown of muscle creatine phosphate resulting from energy metabolism; excreted primarily by kidney
Term
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) test
Definition
Normal Range: Less than 43 IU/L
Related to skeletal muscles and liver function
Severely elevated levels associated with viral hepatitis or drug toxicity
Term
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test
Definition
Normal Range: Less than 30 IU/L
Enzyme related to liver function, more specific than AST
Severely elevated levels associated with viral hepatitis or drug toxicity
Term
Cholesterol test
Definition
Normal Range: Less than 200 mg/dl
Major plasma lipid needed for hormone synthesis
Term
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test
Definition
Normal Range: 100-225 IU/L
Catalyzes pyruvate to lactate in glycolysis
Enzyme related to liver and muscle function
LDH5 corresponds with liver disease
Term
Calcium test
Definition
Normal Range: 8.4-10.2 mg/dl or 2.1-2.6 mmol/L

Essential mineral
Term
Phosphate test
Definition
Normal Range: 2.6-4.5mg/dl or 0.84-1.45 mmol/L

Essential mineral
Term
Magnesium test
Definition
Normal Range: 1.5-2.2 mg/dl or 0.6-0.95 mmol/L

Essential mineral
Term
4 tests given as part of a hematology survey.
Definition
Hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells
Term
Normal hematocrit ranges
Definition
Male: 41-50%
Female: 36-46%
Term
Hemoglobin normal ranges
Definition
Male: 13-17 gm/dl
Female: 12-15 gm/dl
Term
Normal RBC ranges
Definition
Males: 4.5-5.8 K/mm3
Females: 4.0-5.0 K/mm3
Term
4 RBC Indices
Definition
Reticulocytes: 0.5-2.5% RBCs
MCV (mean cell volume; Hct/RBC): 80-100fl
MCH (mean cell hgb; Hgb/RBC): 26-34pg/cell
MCHC (mean cell hgb conc.; Hgb/Hct): 31-37g/dl
Term
Microcytic, hypochromic RBCs indicate what? What would happen to MCV and MCHC?
Definition
Iron deficiency, both MCV and MCHC decline
Term
Macrocytic RBCs indicate what? What happens to MCV?
Definition
Folate or B12 deficiency, MCV increases
Term
Normal WBC range
Definition
4-9 K/mm3
Term
Differential normal ranges
Definition
Segs: 45-75%
Bands: Less than 5%
Lymphocytes: 20-40%
Monocytes: 2-6%
Eosinophils: 0-4%
Basophils: 0-1%
Term
Normal platelet range
Definition
120-420 K/mm3
Term
ANC formula and normal ranges
Definition
(% neutrophils + % bands) x WBC count

Normal: 1500/mm3
Term
What is a "shift to the left"?
Definition
Increased numbers of bands rather than segs; most likely due to infection
Term
Lab value for severe neutropenia
Definition
Less than 500/mm3
Term
Serum electrolyte normal values
Definition
Sodium: 136-145 meq/L
Chloride: 96-105 meq/L
Potassium: 3.5-5.0 meq/L
Bicarbonate: 24-30 meq/L
Term
Normal values for urine
Definition
Specific gravity: 1.010-1.025
pH: 5-6
Term
Creatine Kinase enzymes
Definition
BB - brain
MM - skeletal muscle
MB - heart muscle, peaks within 24hrs and decreases in 1-2 days, greater than 5% of total in MI
Term
Three types of troponin and peak times
Definition
TnI: Peaks in 24 hours
TnT: Peaks in 12 hours to 2 days
TnC: Not cardiac specific

T/I decreases over 7-10 days
Term
6 tests of liver function
Definition
Bilirubin, Alkaline phosphatase, LDH, Albumin, AST/ALT, PT
Term
What is direct bilirubin? What does it represent?
Definition
Direct = conjugated with glucuronic acid
Represents post-hepatic events
Term
What is indirect bilirubin? What does it represent?
Definition
Unconjugated, represents prehepatic or decreased hepatic function
Term
What bilirubin levels are typically indicative of jaundice?
Definition
Greater than 2.0 mg/dl
Term
This enzyme is elevated with alcohol use
Definition
GGTP (glutamyl transpeptidase)
Stays elevated for weeks, very sensitive
Term
Normal ranges for pre-albumin
Definition
16-40 mg/dl
Half life: 2 days
Shows up faster than albumin
Term
Prothrombin normal ranges
Definition
10-13 seconds
INR: 1-2
Prolonged in chronic liver disease
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