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Lab Quiz
Animal Development
25
Biology
Undergraduate 2
03/15/2006

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Term
Cleavage
Definition
The mitotic divisions of the early embryo that occur in the absence of growth to divide the embryo in to many smaller nucleated cells
Term
Blastomeres
Definition
One of the cells produced as the result of cell division, cleavage, in the fertilized egg
Term
morula
Definition
The ball of cells which forms at about 3 – 4 days after insemination of the egg, resulting from the cleavage of the fertilised ovum
Term
blastula
Definition
an embryo at the stage of development in which it consists of usually one layer of cells around a central cavity, forming a hollow sphere
Term
Type of division when egg has only a little yolk
Definition
incomplete but equal cleavage
Term
Type of division with moderate amount of yolk
Definition
Complete cleavage, unequal
Term
Cleavage in mammals that lay eggs
Definition
incomplete cleavage (also called discoidal)
Term
Blastocoel
Definition
the fluid-filled cavity inside a blastula
Term
gray cresent
Definition
Holds the maternal messages. Tells the cells what to do.
Term
blastocyst
Definition
a sphere of cells with an outer cell layer that forms the placenta and a cluster of cells on the interior called the inner cell mass that forms the embryo.
Term
Inner cell mass
Definition
a group of cells found inside a blastocyst and from which embryonic stem cells are derived
Term
trophoblast
Definition
These are the cells of the embryo that become the placenta and attach the baby to the mother's uterus
Term
Gastrulation
Definition
The process of movements and infoldings of embryonic cells destined to become endoderm in early animal embryos, immediately following blastula (or blastoderm) stage, generating the blastopore.
Term
The primary germ layers
Definition
ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm
Term
archenteron
Definition
central cavity of the gastrula; becomes the intestinal or digestive cavity
Term
Blastopore
Definition
the opening into the archenteron
Term
yolk-plug
Definition
Large food-laden endothermal cells surrounded by the blastopore of an amphibian gastrula.
Term
notochord
Definition
the notochord develops into part of the backbone.
Term
neural tube
Definition
A structure in early fetal life that develops into the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves and spinal column.
Term
somites
Definition
Paired blocks of mesoderm cells along the vertebrate body axis that form during early vertebrate development and differentiate into dermal skin, bone and muscle.
Term
amniotic cavity
Definition
the closed sac between the embryo and the amnion, containing the amniotic fluid.
Term
yolk cavity
Definition
the space between the embryonic disc and the yolk of the developing ovum of some animals.
Term
amnion
Definition
A membranous sac that encloses the embryo or fetus
Term
chorion
Definition
The outer membrane enclosing the embryo
Term
How many extraembriotic membranes are there?
Definition
4
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