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Definition
| scattered low bushes; few or no trees |
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Definition
| dense growth, usually under 12-15' height. Intricate system of branches and twigs |
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[image]
what type of feather is this? |
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[image]
what type of feather is this? |
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Definition
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Common Loon
ORDER: Gaviiformes
FAMILY: Gaviidae
-short stiff tail
-webbed feet
eats:small fish |
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Term
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Definition
Clark's Grebe
ORDER: Podicipediformes
FAMILY: podicipedidae
-rudimentary tail (not tail)
-lobed toes
-eats: small fish |
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Term
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Definition
Brown Pelican
ORDER: Pelecaniformes
FAMILY: Pelecanidae
-food: fish and crustaceans |
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Definition
Double-crested Cormorant
ORDER: Pelecaniformes
FAMILY: Phalacrocoracidae
-small gular sac
-no nostrils
food: fishes, crustaceans, amphibians |
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Term
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Definition
Great Blue Heron
ORDER: Ciconiiformes
FAMILY: Ardeidae
-middle toe nail with comb
food: everything --> carnivore |
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Term
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Definition
American Bittern
ORDER: Ciconiiformes
FAMILY: Ardeidae
-found in marshes
food: carnivore |
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Term
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Definition
Turkey Vulture
ORDER: Ciconiiformes
FAMILY: Cathartidae
-large oval nostrils
-weakly raptorial feet
food: scavanges |
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Term
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Definition
Bufflehead
ORDER: Anseriformes
FAMILY: Anatidae
-male: white -female: grey
-hallux elevated
-food: insects, fish, crustaceans, molluscs, etc. |
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Definition
Red-tailed Hawk
ORDER: Falconiformes
FAMILY: Accipitridae
-red tail on adults
-white speckeled chest
-large
food: small mammals |
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Term
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Definition
Cooper's Hawk
ORDER: Falconiformes
FAMILY: Accipitridae
-juvenile: white stomach w/ brown spots/lines
-adult: brownish-red stomack w/ white spots
-medium large
-tail as long as the body
food: small birds |
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Term
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Definition
Sharp-shinned Hawk
ORDER: Falconiformes
FAMILY: Accipitridae
-small/medium
-small beak
-female: larger than males
-juvenile: white stomach
-adult: redish stomach & white spots
food: small birds |
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Term
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Definition
Northern Harrier
ORDER: Falconiformes
FAMILY: Accipitridae
-large
-male: smaller than the female; grey back & white stomach
-female: larger than the male; brown back & creamy brown stomach
food: everything carnivore |
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Term
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Definition
American Kestrel
ORDER: Falconiformes
FAMILY: Falconidae
-small/medium
-looks like a hawk
food: everything carnivore |
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Term
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Definition
California Quail
ORDER: Galliformes
FAMILY: Odontophoridae
food: seeds, frass & foliage |
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Term
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Definition
Clapper Rail
ORDER: Gruiformes
FAMILY: Rallidae
-small head, large body (kind of like a large Kiwi)
-medium size
-short tail
-nostrils perforate
-halux not elevated
food: salt-marsh invertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
American Coot
ORDER: Gruiformes
FAMILY: Rallidae
-hallux not elevated
-nostrils perforate
food: aquatic omnivore |
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Term
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Definition
Killdeer
ORDER: Charadiiformes
FAMILY: Charadiidae
-double black necklace
food: insects |
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Term
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Definition
Black-bellied Plover
ORDER: Charadriiformes
FAMILY: Charadriidae
-medium sized for a shore bird
-bill of moderate lenght; constricted in the middle and swollen at the tip
-black belly only in breeding plumage
food: small marine invertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
Whimbrel
ORDER: Charadriiformes
FAMILY: Scolopacidae
-bill is long and curved downwards
food: marine invertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
Willet
ORDER: Charadriiformes
FAMILY: Scolopacidae
-really long thin beak
-not white belly
-medium sized
-greyish
food: aquatic invertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
Least Sandpiper
ORDER: Charadriiformes
FAMILY: Scolopacidae
-brown legs
-smallest shore bird
food: aquatic invertebrates and their larvae |
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Term
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Definition
Dunlin
ORDER: Charadriiformes
FAMILY: Scolopacidae
-larger than a sandpiper, but looks the same
-chocolate/brownish belly
food: aquatic invertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
Short-billed Dowitcher
ORDER: Charadriiformes
-long not-billed beak
-eye stripes
-medium small
-yellow/brown legs
food: aquatic invertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
Western Sandpiper
ORDER: Charadriiformes
FAMILY: Scolopacidae
-a little larger than a least sandpiper
-longer legs than a sanderling
-black legs
-small
food: small snails, insect larvae, marine worms |
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Term
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Definition
Marbled Godwit
ORDER:Charadriiformes
FAMILY: Scolopacidae
-large
-upturned bill
-highly striped and brown everywhere
food: molluscs, crustaceans, worms |
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Term
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Definition
Sanderling
ORDER: Charadriiformes
FAMILY: Scolopacidae
-really short legs
-small
-brown eye stripe
-black legs
-like the western sandpiper but larger
food: aquatic invertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
American Avocet
ORDER: Charadriiformes
FAMILY: Scolopacidae
-red head=breeding plumage
food: aquatic invertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
Glaugous-winged Gull
ORDER: Charadriiformes
FAMILY: Laridae
-grey/silver hear
-no black on wings
food: omnivorous scavengers |
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Term
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Definition
Western Gull
ORDER: Charadriiformes
FAMILY: Laridae
-black tail tips
-white head |
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Term
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Definition
Ring-billed Gull
ORDER: Charadriiformes
FAMILY: Laridae
-black ring around bill
-medium size |
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Term
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Definition
Forster's Tern
ORDER: Charadriiformes
FAMILY: Laridae
-medium/small
-grey back
-black head/crown
-white stomach
-long this bill
-long wings
food: fish & insects |
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Term
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Definition
Band-tailed Pigeon
ORDER: Columbiformes
FAMILY: Columbidae
-like a regular pigeon but brown
-irridescent green shoulders
-band on tail
food:acorns, grains, fruits and seeds |
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Term
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Definition
Rock Dove
ORDER: Columbiformes
FAMILY: Columbidae
-common pigeon
food: grain, seeds, and fruit |
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Term
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Definition
Mourning Dove
ORDER: Columbiformes
FAMILY: Columbidae
-creamy with a tan stomach
-really small beak |
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Term
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Definition
Greater Roadrunner
ORDER: Cuculiformes
FAMILY: Cuculidae
-large feet
-whiskers
food: large terrestrial insects, lizards, few snakes |
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Term
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Definition
Common Barn-Owl
ORDER: Strigiformes
FAMILY: Tytonidae
-inner webs of all primaries w/o notching
-nail of middle toe w/ comb
food: small mammals |
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Term
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Definition
Western Screech-Owl
ORDER: Strigiformes
FAMILY: Strigidae
-horns
-medium/large
food: mostly nocturnal or crepuscular insects |
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Term
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Definition
Great Horned Owl
ORDER: Strigiformes
FAMILY: Strigidae
-large
-horns
food: mammals |
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Term
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Definition
Common Poorwill
ORDER: Caprimulgiformes
FAMILY: Caprimulgidae
-whiskers near the bill
-bill really small
-plumage looks like bark
-comb on nail of middle of the toe
food: flying insects taken at night |
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Term
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Definition
White-throated Swift
ORDER: Apodiformes
FAMILY: Apodidae
-super long wings and tail
-small
food: small flying insects |
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Term
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Definition
Anna's Hummingbird
ORDER: Apodiformes
FAMILY: Trochilidae
-green/orange iridescent back
-males: red head |
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Term
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Definition
Rufous Hummingbird
ORDER: Apodiformes
FAMILY: Thochilidae
-orange cap
-all over terra cotta brown w/ a red throat |
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Term
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Definition
Allen's Hummingbird
ORDER: Apodiformes
FAMILY: Trochilidae
-a green cap
-red throat color
-brown body |
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Term
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Definition
Belted Kingfisher
ORDER: Coraciiformes
FAMILY:Alecidinidae
-syndactyl feet
-hallux shorter than inner toe and partly connected w/ it
-female: red coloring + blue and white
-male: only blue and white
food: fish |
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Term
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Definition
Downy Woodpecker
ORDER: Piciformes
FAMILY: Picidae
-strong sygodactyl feet
-nostrils conceled by bristle like feathers
-males: have a red crest on back of head
-juveniles: have a red crouwn closer to bill
food: larvae of wood-boring beetles |
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Term
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Definition
Common Flicker
ORDER: Piciformes
FAMILY: Picidae
- strong zygodactyl feet
-outermost primary reduced or rudimentary on wing
food: insects, mostly ants; acorns, grains and fruit |
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Term
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Definition
Red-breasted Sapsucker
ORDER: Piciformes
FAMILY: Picidae
-strong zygodactyl feet
-nostrils concealed by bristle-like feathers
food: cambium and sap |
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Term
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Definition
Black Phoebe
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Tyrannidae
-small/medium
-black feet and beak
-flycatcher bill
-10 well developed primaries
-rictal (nose) bristles
food: both terrestrial and flying insects |
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Term
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Definition
Pacific-slope Flycatcher
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Tyrannidae
-flycatcher bill
-small
-yellowish near stomach and back
-wings brown w/ white rims of feathers
-kind of raised cap
food: insects near foliage |
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Term
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Definition
Western Wood-Pewee
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Tyrannidae
-flycatcher bill
-rictal bristles
-small
-brown
-kind of raised cap |
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Term
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Definition
Olive-sided Flycatcher
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Tyrannidae
-flycatcher nose
-rictal bristles obvious
-small-medium
-white fringe on wing
-white throat
-dark vest around pectral
food: flying insects |
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Term
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Definition
Loggerhead Shrike
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Laniidae
-strong feet
-looks like a bandot/raccoon
-whiskers
food: bugs and small vertebrates
~impayles it's food on thorns |
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Term
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Definition
Hutton's Vireo
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Vireonidae
-short, straight, slightly hooked bill and slightly compressed base
-nostrils partially concealed by stiff, dense feathers
-brown back and yellowish brown stomach
-white stripes on back of wings
food: insects |
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Term
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Definition
Warbling Vireo
ORDER: Passeriformes
Family: Vireonidae
-short, straight, slightly hooked bill and slightly compressed base
-nostrils partially covered by stiff, dense feathers
-beak is medium length
-small/medium
-yellow on back and under wings
-white stomack and tail
food: insects |
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Term
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Definition
Stellar's Jay
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Corvidae
-nostrils covered by stiff feathers
-rictal bristles
food: acorns, insects, soil surface invertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
Western Scrub-Jay
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY:Corvidae
-nostrils covered w/ stiff feathers
-rictal bristles present
food: acorns, nuts, insects |
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Term
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Definition
Horned Lark
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Alaudidae
-no tenth primary
-verry long nail on hallux
food: grass seeds, grains, small insects |
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Term
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Definition
Violet-green Swallow
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Hirundinidae
-long, pointed wings
-small weak feet
-green back
-purple tail
food: insects |
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Term
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Definition
Cliff Swallow
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Hirundinidae
-long wings
-small black beak
-white crest
-black cap
-chocolate/red face
food: flying insects |
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Term
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Definition
Chestnut-backed Chickadee
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Paridae
-chestnut shoulders and back
-white cheecks
-small
-black/brown chin
food: acorns, fruit, nuts, insects |
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Term
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Definition
Oak Titmouse
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY:Paridae
-has a crest (flattened in specimen)
-small
-grey stomach
-brown back
food: small insects, fruit |
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Term
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Definition
Bushtit
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Aegithalidae
-super small
-plain grey
-long tail
food: insects, spiders |
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Term
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Definition
Red-breasted Nuthatch
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Sittidae
-short, square tail
-strong feet and tarsi
-stiff feathers over nostrils
-straight, slender, compressed bill
-blue/grey back
-white eyebrow stripe down its head
-orangeish stomach
-verry fuzzy back instead of feathers
food: seeds of conifers, insects |
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Term
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Definition
Brown Creeper
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Certhiidae
-strong feet and tarsi
-very long down-turned bill
-tail is very diamond shaped
food:insects |
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Term
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Definition
House Wren
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Troglodytidae
-smally/tiny
-very striped wings and tail
-cream colored chest
-long slender tail
food: insects |
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Term
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Definition
Bewick's Wren
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Troglodytidae
-white eye brow
-black thigh wings
-grey stomach
-plainish brown wing
food: insects |
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Term
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Definition
Marsh Wren
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Troglodytidae
-reddish brown flanks
-back has a black and white striped region
food: insects |
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Term
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Definition
Ruby-crowned Kinglet
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Regulidae
-male: red crown
-black bar across base of secondaries
-pale eye ring
food: insects |
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Term
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Definition
American Robin
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Turdidae
-orange belly
-juvenile: spotted plumage
food: soil invertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
Varied Thrush
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Turdidea
-female: greyer
-male:blacker
food: soil invertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
Hermit Thrush
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Turdidae
-brown spots on white belly only reack down the neck and belly
-more red/brown tail
-no whiskers
food: insects |
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Term
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Definition
Swainson's Thrush
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Turdidae
-black whiskers
-spots on stomach extend down the neck but not really the belly
food: insects |
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Term
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Definition
Wrentit
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Timaliidae
-brown
-really long tail almost the same lengtha as the body
-kind of down-turned bill
food: insects and fruit |
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Term
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Definition
California Thrasher
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Mimidae
- long downturned bill
habitat: chaparral
food: soil invertebrates
~beak used to forage through leaves like a rake |
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Term
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Definition
Northern Mockingbird
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Mimidae
-long tail
-small/medium
-grey with white stomach
-black eye stripe
food: fruit |
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Term
|
Definition
European Starling
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Sturnidae
-non-breeding: white spots but colorful
-breeding: no white and green/purple throat |
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Term
|
Definition
American Pipit
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Motacillidae
-strong feet with elongated nail on hallux
-non-breeding: brown spots on white stomach
-breeding: stomack is reddish/brown
food: insects |
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Term
|
Definition
Cedar Waxwing
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Bombycillidae
food: fruit |
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Term
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Definition
Orange-crowned Warbler
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Parulidae
-small
-yellow irridescent stomach
-male: orange cap |
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Term
|
Definition
Common Yellowthroat
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Paulidae
-brown back with yellow tint
-yellow tomach
-males: have a black mask
food: insects |
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Term
|
Definition
Wilson's Warbler
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Parulidae
-yellowish everywhere; especially face and stomach
-small
-male: black cap |
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Term
|
Definition
Western Tanager
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Thraupidae
-really yellow practically everywhere
-male non-breeding: slightly orange face
-male breeding: really orange head |
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Term
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Definition
Yellow-rumped Warbler
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Parulidae
-always a yellow rump
-yellow throat
-1st winter: brown
-breeding male: grey with yellow cap
-breeding female: grey
food: insects and spiders |
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Term
|
Definition
California Towhee
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Emberizidae
food: weed seeds, insects, berries |
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Term
|
Definition
Spotted Towhee
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Emberizidae
-female: greyer
-male: darker/black
food: seeds, insects, berries |
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Term
|
Definition
Savannah Sparrow
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Emberizidae
-highly striped back (more than the song sparrow)
-some have a yellow eyebrow
-tail is notched (in song sparrow it's rounded)
food: seeds & insects |
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Term
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Definition
Fox Sparrow
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Emberizidae
-back is not highly stripped at all
-more redish/brown
food: seeds & insects |
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Term
|
Definition
Song Sparrow
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Emberizidae
-bold coarse streaks above and below and rufous-tinged wings and tail
-tail is rounded (as opposed to notched like the Savannah sparrow)
food: seeds & insects |
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Term
|
Definition
Golden-crowned Sparrow
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Emberizidae
-adult breeding: with yellow cap
-juvenile: more drab than a white-crowned sparrow
-grey/brown breast
food: seeds & insects |
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Term
|
Definition
White-crowned Sparrow
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY Emberizidae
-juveniles: brown w/ a small white start on head
-adult: white crown and forhead
-unmarked greying breast
food: seeds & insects |
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Term
|
Definition
Dark-eyed Junco
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMIL: Emberizidae
food:seeds & insects |
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Term
|
Definition
Black-headed Grosbeak
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Cardinalidae
-insanly large/strong beak
-males are smaller than females
-male: black face, brown necklace into stomach, black and white wings
-female: white necklace, yellow under shoulder wings, white stomach, brown back with white spots, slight stripes down neck
habitat: woods
food: buds, fruit, seeds, & insects |
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|
Term
|
Definition
-sparrows, towhees, junco
-food: seeds and insects
-ORDER: Passeriformes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Lazuli Bunting
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Cardinalidae
-female: light brown, brown chest, slightly blue tone, distinct wing bars
-male: blue bakc, orange breast, white stomach
habitat: chaparral
food: seeds of grasses and annuals |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Brewer's Blackbird
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Icteridae
-female: brown w/no white, black beack
-male: black with green & purple irridescence
-thinner bill, longer tail and more slender than a red-winged blackbird
food: insects & some fruit |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Brown-headed Cowbird
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Icteridae
-very strong bill
-female: pailer brown/grey then other blackbirds, small/medium
-smaller tail than blackbirds
habitat:patchy woodlands
food: mostly grain |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Bullock's Oriole
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Icteridae
-all white coverts (white spot on wing)
-female: orange tone, almost looks yellow, pale greyish stomach
-male: black throat and eye lines, orance belly and breast
food: insects & frui |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Red-winged Blackbird
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Icteridae
-female: densly streaked, brown
-more triangular beak
habitat:wet, marshy aread
food: insects |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Western Meadowlark
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Icteridae
-black neckalece (less apparent on female)
-long legs
-bright yellow stomach
-brown highly patterened back
food: insects |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Purple Finch
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Fringillidae
-more forked tail than the house finch
-slightly bigger than a house finch
-red head and neck
-triangular bill
habitat:woodland
food: seeds, berries |
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|
Term
|
Definition
House Finch
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Fringillidae
-less forked tail than purple finch
-slightly smaller than a purple finch
-red cap and face
-short bill w/ curved culmen
habitat: chaparrel/woodland
food: seeds, berries, fruit |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Pine Siskin
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Fringillidae
-slight yellow under wings (must move wings)
habitat: open forests
food: buds and seeds |
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|
Term
|
Definition
American Goldfinch
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Fringillidae
-male: really yellow stomach, back and neck; black cap
-female: small size, unstreaked-yellow/brown plumage
-larger and more yellow than the rubby-crowned kinglet
habitat: scrub
food: seeds |
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|
Term
|
Definition
House Sparrow
ORDER: Passeriformes
FAMILY: Passeridae
-really small
-of all the sparrows it has the largest beak
-female: distinct eyebrow, brown, marked back, plain stomach
habitat: where people are located (cities, farms, towns, parking lots)
food: grains, fruits & seeds |
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|
Term
| house finch vs. house sparrow |
|
Definition
FINCH:
~no neck
~shorter beak
~dark brown feet
SPARROW:
~has more neck
~longer beak
~light brown feet |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| of hallux, when placed at the level of the other toes; not elevated |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| of plumage, when fluffy and loosely-textured |
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|
Term
|
Definition
2 toes in front and 2 toes in back
Ex. woodpecker |
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Term
|
Definition
| -order of all frogs and toads |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -order of all salamanders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-family
-lungless salamanders
-completely terrestrial and lay eggs on land
-includes:
1. Aneides lugubris
2. Betrachoseps attenuatus
3. Ensatina eschscholtzii
4. Hydromantes sp. (not in east bay) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-family
-Newts
-includes:
1. Taricha torosa
2. Taricha granulosa
3. Taricha rivularis (not in E. bay) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-family
-true toads
-includes:
1. Bufo boreas
2. Bufo canorus (not in E. bay)
3. Bufo cognatus (not in E.bay)
4. Bufo puctatus (not in E.bay) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-family
-treefrogs
-includes:
1. Pseudacris regilla
2. Pseudacris cadaverina (not in E.bay) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-family
-true frogs
-includes:
1. Rana draytonii
2. Rana boylii
3. Rana catesbeiana
4. Rana muscosa (not in E.bay) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-family
-mole and tiger salamanders
-includes:
1. Ambystoma californiense |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-family
-pacific giant salamander
-includes:
1. Dicamptodon ensatus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-family
-includes:
1. Ascaphus truei |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-family
-torrent salamanders
-includes:
1. Rhaycotriton variegatus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-family
-spadefoot toads
-includes:
1. Scaphiopus couchii
2. Spea hammondii |
|
|
Term
| geographic variation and hybridization in Ensatina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Taricha torosa
(California Newt)
FAMILY: Salamandridae
-teeth on rough of mouth in Y shaped pattern
-eyes bulge out
-white eyelids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Taricha granulosa
(Rough-skinned Newt)
FAMILY: Salamandridae
-eyes relatively small (not pertruding)
-teeth in shape of V |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Taricha rivularis
(Red-bellied Newt)
FAMILY: Salamandridae
-broad dark band across vent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ambystoma californiense
(California Tiger Salamander)
FAMILY: Ambystomatidae
habitat: grassland, woodland, slow sreams/ponds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dicamptodon ensatus
(Califonia Giant Salamander)
FAMILY: Dicamptodontidae
-large body size
-marbled dorsal pattern
-eye rims are large
habitat: coniferous forest and streams |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rhyacotriton variegatus
(Southern Torrent Salamander)
FAMILY: Rhyacotritonidae
-males: distinct squared loves at vent
-speckeled back and stomach
-small
habitat: coniferous forestes, torrents and springs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Batrachoseps attenuatus
(California Slender Salamander)
FAMILY: Plethodontidae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hydromantes sp.
FAMILY: Plethodontidae
-webbed feet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ensatina eschscholtzii
(Ensatina)
FAMILY: Plethodontidae
-tail constricted at base |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Aneides lugubris
(Arboreal Salamander)
FAMILY: Plathodontidae
-projecting upper jaw theeth
-squareish toe tips
-a tree climber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ascaphus truei
(Tailed Frog)
FAMILY: Ascaphidae
-tail is a copulatory organ
habitat: fast, cold streams |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Scaphiopus couchii
(Couch's Spadefoot)
FAMILY: Pelobatidae
-dorsal markings often form a network
-sickle-shaped spade on hind foot (thin and long black mark)
habitat: short grass plains, mesquite savannah |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spea hammondii
(Western Spadefoot)
FAMILY: Pelobatidae
-hourlass-like markings on bakc
-spade shaped on food (entire last toe practically)
habitat: grassland, washes, intermittent streams |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bufo punctatus
(Red-spotted Toad)
FAMILY: Bufonidae
-flattened head
-round parotoids, about same size as upper eyelids
habitat: desert oasis, rocky |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bufo cognatus
(Great Plain Toad)
FAMILY: Bufonidae
-dark blothces in symmetrical pairs on back
-small/ medium
-large, rought parotoid gland
habitat: praries and deserts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bufo boreas
(Western Toad)
FAMILY: Bufonidae
-white stripe down back, tarsal fold
-medium/large
habitat: grassland, mountain meadows, farmalnd, slow stream and ponds, practically terrestrial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bufo canorus
(Yosemite Toad)
FAMILY: Bufonidae
-large, flat parotoids, less than width of gland apart
-REALLY warty
-sexual dimorphism by color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pseudacris regilla
(Pacific Treefrog)
FAMILY: Hylidae
-black eye-stripe to shoulder
-dark triangular patch on crest between the eyes
habitat: marshes, grassland, streams, ponds, lakes, valleys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pseudacris cadaverina
(California Treefrog)
FAMILY: Hylidae
-rough skin
-no eye stripe
-tiny tiny
-only one sample
habitat: rocky canyons, streams w/ quiet pools and shades |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rana catesbeiana
(American Bullfrog)
FAMILY: Ranidae
-large
-large tympanum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rana draytonii
(Red-legged Frog)
FAMILY: Ranidae
-conspicuous dorsal folds
-marbeling on under side
habitat: woodland, coniferous forest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rana boylii
(Foothill Yellow-legged Frog)
FAMILY: Ranidae
-eardrum rough
-pale triangle on head
habitat: woodlandd, sreams and rivers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Rana muscosa
(Mountain Yellow-legged Frog)
FAMILY: Ranidae
-mottled dorsum (almost unnoticible b/c the eardrum has the same skin as the back)
-only one
-white hand tips
habitat: mountain meadows, slow streams, ponds and lakes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-FAMILY:
1. Gaviidae = loons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Grebes
-FAMILY:
1. Podicipedidae = Grebes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Pelicand, cormorants, boobies, tropic-birds, frigate birds
-FAMILY:
1. Pelicanidae = pelicans
2. Phalacrocoracidae = Cormorants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-herons, bitterns, ibises, New World vultures
-FAMILY:
1. Ardeidae = Herons & Bitterns
2.Cathartidae = New World vultures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-ducks
-FAMILY:
1. Anatidae = ducks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-hawks, falcons
-FAMILY:
1. Accipitridae = kites, hawks, eagles
2. Falconidae = falcons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-quail
-FAMILY:
1. Odontophoridae = quail |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-rails
-FAMILY:
1. Rallidae = rails |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-shorebirds, gulls, terns, auks
-FAMILY:
1.Charadriidae = plovers
2.Scoloplacidae = sandpipers, snipe
3. Recurvirostridae = avocets, stilts
4. Laridae = gulls, terns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-pigeons & doves
-FAMILY:
1.Columbidae = pigeons & doves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-cuckoos, roadrunners
-FAMILY:
1. Cuculidae = roadrunner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-owls
-FAMILY:
1. Tytonidae = barn owl
2. Strigidae = typical owl |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-poowills, goatsuckers
-FAMILY:
1. Caprimulgidae = poorwills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-swifts, hummingbirds
-FAMILY:
1. Apodidae = swifts
2. Trochilidae = humming birds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-kingfishers
-FAMILY:
1. Alcedinidae = kingfisher |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-woodpeckers
-FAMILY:
1. Picidae = woodpeckers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flycatchers
-rictal bristles obvious |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
shrikes
-upper mandible toothed near tip
-strong feet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
jays, crows
-rictal bristles present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
larks
-very long nail on hallux |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long-tailed tits, bushtits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nuthatches
-strong feet and tarsi
-stiff feathers over nostrils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
creepers
-slender, decurved beak
-rounded tail with stiff, pointed rectrices |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
wrentit
-long graduated tail
-plumage soft and lax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grosbeaks, bunting, cardinals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blackbirds, Orioles, Allies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Old World Sparrows (house sparrow) |
|
|
