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Lab Practical
Everything we learned in lab this year
104
Microbiology
Undergraduate 3
11/28/2012

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
first step of gram stain
Definition
add crystal violet
Term
the mordant in the gram stain
Definition
Gram's iodine
Term
role of alcohol in gram stain
Definition
dissolves lipids in outer membrane and removes the dye from the peptidoglycan layer in GRAM NEGATIVE only
Term
2nd stain in gram stain
Definition
Safranin red
Term
Gram positive cell wall
Definition
has thick peptidoglycan wall
Term
gram negative cell wall
Definition
has thin peptidoglycan wall
Term
gram positive cells stain
Definition
red/pink
Term
gram negative cells stain
Definition
violet/purple
Term
examples of gram positive bacteria
Definition
Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus, bacillus
Term
examples of gram negative bacteria
Definition
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Term
example of endospore forming genus
Definition
Clostridium
Term
endospore
Definition
a survival structure formed within the bacteria wall that allows the cell to survive until the environmental conditions improve
Term
red cells in endospore stain
Definition
vegetative cells
Term
green cells in endospore stain
Definition
endospores
Term
acid fast cell wall
Definition
waxy cell wall of mycolic acid
Term
color of acid fast cells
Definition
bright fuchsia pink
Term
color of non acid fast cells
Definition
blue--stained with methlyene blue
Term
type of acid fast bacteria
Definition
Mycobacteria
Term
Genera of mycobacteria
Definition
Mycobacterium, Nocardia
TB and leprosy
Term
characteristics of good streak plate
Definition
multiple single colonies
Term
halophile
Definition
bacteria that can grow in a higher salt concentration than 3% NaCl
Term
psychrophile
Definition
organism requiring a temperature of -5C to 15C.
only grow below 20 Celsius.
Term
psychrotroph
Definition
Live 0°C to 30°C
Term
Mesophile
Definition
15-45 degrees Celsius
Term
Thermophiles
Definition
45-80 degrees Celsius
Term
Extreme thermophiles
Definition
65°C to 110°C
Term
Acidophiles
Definition
grow in environments below pH 5.5
Term
Neutrophiles
Definition
live between pH 5.5 & pH 8.5
Term
Alkilophiles
Definition
live above pH 8.5
Term
Extreme Halophiles
Definition
Between 15% to 25% NaCl
Term
Osmotolerant
Definition
grow over wide range of salinty
Term
Obligate (strict) aerobes
Definition
must have oxygen to carry out metabolism
Term
Microaerophiles
Definition
prefer oxygen in concentrations of 2-10%
need less oxygen to grow
Term
facultative aerobes (anaerobes)
Definition
bacteria that grow well aerobically but can also grow anaerobically if oxygen is not present
Term
Aerotolerant anaerobes
Definition
Can tolerate oxygen and can grow but do not require it for energy production.
also obligate fermenters because they get their energy strictly by fermentation
Term
Obligate (strict) anaerobes
Definition
cannot tolerate oxygen and are killed by its presence
Term
Catalase
Definition
An enzyme that degrades hydrogen peroxide into Oxygen and water.
Term
components of fluid thioglycollate medium
Definition
A rich liquid medium that supports the growth of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Contains glucose, cystine, and sodium thioglycollate.
Term
the indicator of FTM
Definition
reszurin (indicator of the presence of oxygen)
turns PINK in the presence of oxygen
Term
Aerobic growth pattern in FTM
Definition
only at the top of tube
Term
Microaerophillic growth in FTM
Definition
not at the top or bottom--1/3 from the top
Term
facultative growth in FTM
Definition
everywhere in the time
Term
anaerobic growth in FTM
Definition
only at the bottom
Term
Disinfectants
Definition
chemicals that kill microbes on NON-Living Surfaces
Term
Antiseptics
Definition
chemicals that are safe on Living surfaces
Term
what type of lab is the disinfectant/antiseptic lab?
Definition
chemical control lab
Term
what type of lab is the thermal death time lab?
Definition
physical control lab
Term
what is Thermal death time? (TDT)
Definition
the length of time at a given temperature that will kill all the cells in a culture
Term
color of MSA (mannitol salt agar plate)
Definition
bright pink (slightly opaque)
Term
selective property of MSA plate
Definition
contains a high salt concentration (7.5% NaCl)
Term
differential property of MSA plate
Definition
contains the sugar mannitol and pH indicator phenol red
Term
color of positive fermentation of MSA plate
Definition
yellow
Term
MSA plate is selective for what species?
Definition
micrococcus and staphylococcus
Term
selective properties of Eosin methylene Blue plate (EMB)
Definition
eosin and methylene blue inhibit growth of gram positive bacteria (only gram negative can grow)
Term
differential properties of EMB plate
Definition
contains the sugar lactose which allows differentiation between non lactose fermenters, lactose fermenters, and heavy lactose fermenters
Term
Coliform bacteria
Definition
lactose fermenters
Term
color of lactose fermenting bacteria on EMB plate
Definition
pink with purple in the center
Term
strong or rapid lactose fermenters color on EMB plate
Definition
dark purple with metallic green color
Term
color of non lactose fermenters on EMB plate
Definition
colorless (gram negative bacteria only)
Term
color of EMB plate
Definition
maroon
Term
what type of growth occurs on Hektoen Enteric Agar?
Definition
Selective medium used to isolate gram negative enteric bacteria
Term
selective aspect of Hektoen Enteric agar
Definition
bile salts (inhibit the growth of gram positive organisms)
Term
differential aspect of Hektoen enteric agar
Definition
lactose, sucrose, and salicin are added to differentiate between non fermenting enteric bacteria and fermentive enteric bacteria
Term
dyes (indicators) added to Hektoen enteric agar
Definition
fuschin and bromthymol blue
Term
color of Hektoen agar plate with positive fermentation
Definition
yellow to pink color
Ex: E. Coli
Term
color of organisms who do NOT ferment any sugars in Hektoen agar plate
Definition
blue/green colonies
Ex: Salmonella and Shigella
Term
what is added to Hektoen agar to detect for hydrogen sulfide?
Definition
Ferric ammonium citrate and sodium thiosulfate--seen as black precipitate
Ex: salmonella
Term
indicator in Phenol red broth
Definition
Phenol red
Term
tube that collects gases during fermentation
Definition
durham tube
Term
color of medium when fermentation is positive in phenol red broth
Definition
YELLOW (acid by-products are present)
Term
color of medium if organism CANNOT ferment the sugar is phenol red broth
Definition
magenta/fuschia/BRIGHT PINK
b/c protein breakdown increases the pH of the medium
this is an alkaline reaction
Term
what type of medium is citrate agar?
Definition
utilization medium: a defined media in which one or more essential nutrients is limited.
Term
pH indicator of citrate test
Definition
bromthymol blue
Term
color of citrate tube when test is positive
Definition
if the bacteria can use citrate as its sole source of carbon the tube will change to from green to blue
color is green at 6.9 pH and blue at 7.6 pH.
Term
presence of catalase is...
Definition
indirect evidence of the ETC
Term
color of M. Luteus growth on Mueller hinton agar
Definition
yellow
Term
color of P. aeruginosa on MH agar
Definition
green
Term
color of S. marcescens on MH agar
Definition
red
Term
what is the purpose of the Phenylalanine Deaminase test?
Definition
determines whether or not an organism possesses the enzyme phenylalanine deminase
Term
what is the color indicator of the Phenylalanine Deaminase test?
Definition
ferric chloride
turns deep green if deamination has taken place
Term
enzyme that can break down starch
Definition
amylase
Term
results of a bacteria that produces amylase
Definition
halo around the colony where starch has been "eaten", starch plate will be blue/black
Term
reagent in starch hydrolysis test
Definition
iodine
Term
enzyme that breaks down peptide bonds between amino acids
Definition
gelatinase
Term
positive result of gelatinase test
Definition
medium in tube is liquid
Term
enzyme that can breakdown urea
Definition
urease
Term
pH indicator of urea broth
Definition
phenol red (medium will be yellow orange before inoculation)
Term
color of urea broth if test is positive
Definition
ammonia is released and causes the pH of medium to increase. media will change from yellow/red to bright pink
Ex. Proteus
Term
Oxidase test is...
Definition
DIRECT evidence of ETC
Term
the enzyme that is responsible for transferring electrons to oxygen and reducing them to water.
Definition
cytochrome oxidase C
Term
color of DNase agar
Definition
sky blue (pretty!)
Term
differential properties of DNase agar
Definition
only lets organisms that can enzymatically hydrolyze DNA grow
Term
positive DNase test
Definition
plate has clearing (DNA has been eaten up)
Term
negative DNase test
Definition
plate is sky blue (DNA has not been eaten)
Term
what type of media is SIM media?
Definition
combination differential
Term
three things SIM media looks for
Definition
reduction of sulfur, production of indole (due to breakdown of tryptophan), and motility
Term
result of sulfur reducing bacteria in SIM media
Definition
black precipitate
Term
result of indole production in SIM media
Definition
positive red color from Kovac's reagent
Term
what type of media is the blood agar plate?
Definition
enriched and differential
Term
differential properties of blood agar
Definition
hemolysis patterns
Term
gamma hemolysis
Definition
No breakdown of blood agar
Term
alpha hemolysis
Definition
partial clearing/breakdown of blood agar
Term
beta hemolysis
Definition
complete clearing/breakdown of blood agar
Term
the enzyme that can coagulate the blood
Definition
coagulase
Ex. S. aureus
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