Borelia Burgdorferi:

What disease does this organism cause?

How is the disease transmitted?

causes Lyme disease

transmitted through ticks

Photo of Borrelia burgdorferi taken by Nelson

Koch's Lab

Nationality

M.D. or Ph.D?

3 accomplishments in the field of microbiology

Time period he worked in ?

German

physician (M.D.)

isolated bacillus anthracis, tuberculosis bacillus and cholera vibrio, Developed "koch's postulates"

won nobel prize in physiology

worked in the late 1800's

Called the "Father of Microbiology"

Nationality

Name? PhD or MD?

4 contributions

Time period he worked in

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Dutch tradesman from Delft

- cloth merchant

- first microscope, discovered protists, bacteria, spermatzoa

- late 1600's

HIV

is an RNA or DNA virus?

host cell?

name a unique enzyme carried by the virus?

(RNA--> DNA)

name an antiviral used to treat AIDS patients

RNA Virus

yes

reverse transcriptase (copies RNA onto complimentary DNA)

azidothymidine (AZT) first approved antiviral

Vectors:

mosquitos and Flys

-3 diseases that have mosquito as a vector

- 1 disease that has a fly as a vector

malaria, yellow fever, west nile virus

entamoeba histolyica

Blue Green pus

- name the organism

aerobe or anaerobe?

- name of pigment

- motile?

- pseudomonas aeruginosa

aerobic

 p. aeruginosa secretes a variety of pigments including pyocinin (blue-green)

flagella

Antiviral Kleenex

Active ingredient?

Good against what viruses?

causes what disease?

citric acid

cold and flu viruses

the cold and flu

autoclave:

time/ temp/ pressure?

Name 2 things you could autoclave?

autoclave was discovered in whose lab?

autoclave increases steam pressure from 0 lbs/sq. inch to 15 lbs/sq. inch and temp rises from 100C-121C. endospores die within minutes 

anything metal or heat stable

pastuer's lab

UHT Milk

Temperature/ Time?

is th milk pasteurized or sterile?

advantage?

143 Degrees C for 5 seconds

pasteurized

no fridge needed

Retrovirus, influenza, and rabies

match the disease with the virus

significance of each

Blood Agar (clinical medium)?

name two microorganisms you would grow on this?

what term describes these microorganisms?

neisseria gonnorhoea

neisseria meningitidis

pathogenic

Aspergillus niger:

bm

sa

ao

black mold

secondary allergen

air organism

Penicillium

ao

Name the organism that produces penillium

what organism ripens cheese?

air organism

Penicillium chrysogenum

penicillium candida (brie & camembert)

3 mold slide:

which organism is

pink:

green:

fuscia:

rhizopus

aspergillus

penicillium

Van Leuwenhoeks microscope

- what city, country

-complex or simple microscope? magnification?

- What term did he use to desribe little animals?

How many microscopes did he make?

Two major contributions?

- Delft, Netherlands

- complex, 250X

- animalcules

-

-

 Diflucan:

antibiotic for what?

what organism?

what growth medium would you use to grow?

What pharmaceutical company?  

Why is it a good treatment?

vaginal yeast infection

candida albicans

SAB DEX

Ortho pharmaceutical company

one dose orally is enough

antibiotic for traveler's diarreah

semi- synthetic penicillin (usually kids)

Valtrex:

an antiviral to treat..

made by

genital herpes

Glaco Smith Kline

Humulin:

who makes it?

recombinant (geneticall engineered) human insulin

Eli Lilly & Co.

What is the cause?

What growth medium would be used?

Microsporum canus

(a mold)

SAB DEX (used for molds and yeasts)

Lamisil

an agent used as an

name an orginism that causes. .

Active ingredient in Lamisil?

antifungal (ex: nail infections, athlete's foot)

 Trichophyton rubrum

terbinafine hydrochloride

Agar-Agar

Who discovered the use of this agent as a solidifier in Microbiology? Whose lab?

What is the composition? Source?

3 characterisitics that make it useful in microbiology?

Koch discovered? ?

Composition/ source: Seaweeds/ algea (ocean)

TB

1. What organism causes TB?

2. Transmission?

3. TB are a.. f.. organisms

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

infected droplets

acid fast organisms

Leprosy

What organism?

How do you get it?

Leprosy is an a..f.. organism.

Mycobacterium leprae

acid fast

Gas Gangrene

What organism causes?

Rod or coccus

Gram positive or negative?

Transmission?

Spore former?

aerobe or anaerobe?

clostridium perfringens

rod shaped

gram positive

 Environmental bacteria may enter the muscle through a wound and go on to proliferate in necrotic tissue and secrete powerful toxins

 spore-forming

anaerobic

PCP is the disease Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Caused by the organism..

How does individual get PCP?

Name 2 groups that come down with the disease:

Is it a protozoan or fungi?

current/ correct name of the organism ?

Pneumocystis carinii

caused by environmental organism, no person to person transmission

premature or malnourished children, AIDS patients

fungus (previously misclassified as protozoan)

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Alternaria

significance?

a fungi allergen that readily causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised people

Toxoplasma gondii

What disease does this organism cause?

Bacteria or protozoa?

How do you get the disease?

Who is especially at risk?

Toxoplasmosis

parasitic protozoa

cats, undercooked beef

pregnant women and AIDS patients

EH: entamoeba histolyica

TV: trichomonas vaginalis

GL: Giardia lamblia

bacteria, virus or protozoans?

Disease for each?

Transmission?

Which ones have a cyst stage?

protozoan

 EH: amoebic dysentery, Ingestion of mature cyst through contaminated food or water

TV: trichomoniasis, STD

GL: giardiasis

Transmission:

Giardia Lambia has a cyst stage

Aspergillus flavus

(powdery green molds, yellow/ cream edges)

-organism that produces aflatoxins

pathogen, associated with

aspergillosis of the lungs

Cryptosporidium parvum

disease?

transmission?

Milwaukee, WI?

Who is suceptible?

Called w.d. in AIDS patients

 cryptosporidiosis, a parasitic disease that causes acute diarreah

water born pathogen

outbreak in milwaukee

immocompromised people

wasting disease

Candida albicans

What diseases?

common means of reproduction?

fungus that causes yeast infection, thrush, wingworm, nail infections

budding

Treponema pallidum

disease?

transmission?

treatment?

syphillis

STD

Treponema pallidum

easily treated with antibiotics including penicillin.

streptococcus pyogenes

Gram reaction?

diseases?

transmission?

Gram positive

strep throat, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever

droplets, direct contact

Ebola & Marburg viruses

bioterrorism agents?

diseases?

transmission?

countries?

 Yes

Marburg haemorrhagic fever.

Ebola hemorrhagic fever

direct contact with infected body fluids,

Uganda and Eastern Congo, Africa

Food Poisoning:

S. aureus- most c..

C. botulinium- most t..

E. coli- caused by..

horoviruses- common on..

common

toxic

fecal contamination

cruise ships

Phenol

Who used this agent?

for what?

he is known as the father of..

Lister

disinfecting before surgeries

Father of disinfectants

Plastic Plates & syringes

Name two methods that could be used to sterilize;

Which method is sometimes used on foods?

name two foods.

dry heat, UV/ gamma rays

Gamma radiation

strawberries (ay other fruits) & spices

Millipore Filtration

Name 3 fluids that you could 'sterilize' using this apparatus

Does this method actually sterilize?

what is sterilization

Water

beer

etc

no, it does not remove viruses, the pores are not small enough

sterilization is any process that effectively kills or eliminates transmissible agents

Pasteurization (Vitamin D milk)

How were they pasteurized?

- time/ temp?

What is UHT + HTST?

82 degrees celcius for 3 seconds (Ultraflash)

Ultra-High temperature 

High Temperature/ Short time

Pine-Sol, bleach & Lysol are

Scope, Listerine, Hydrogen peroxide, betadine, dial antibacterial soap, isopropyl rubbing alcohol ad purell hand sanitizer are ...

Streptococcus thermophilus

is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobe

 generally used in the production of yogurt.

Lactobacillus acidophilus

Enterobacter aerogenes is a Gram-negative, oxidase negative, catalase positive, rod-shaped bacterium.

E. aerogenes is a nosocomial and pathogenic bacterium that causes opportunistic infections in skin and other tissues.