Pigment cells (chromatophores)

No external scales

Two nostrils on anterior part of oral cavity

Respiration by gills, lungs, skin, and pharynx

Three chambered heart

Jelly-like membrane egg covering, must have water source

External

Except for Caecilians and Newts

Frogs

Toads

Common Frogs

Procoelous-concave body shape

Firmisternal-pectoral girdle fused

Salatory locomotion

Tree frogs

Expanded discs on tips of digits

Arciferal-pectoral girdle NOT fused

Eggs deposited pretty much everywhere

Toads

Warty skin

Prominate parotid gland behind eyes

No teeth

Proceolous

Arciferal

Head and trunk fused

Glandular skin

Postsacral vertebrae fused

Tympanic membrane

External fertilization

Tiger salamanders, axolotl

Paedomorphic

Facultative and obligate forms

Muscular metamerism visible

Internal fertilization

Newts

No costal grooves or folds

Internal fertilization

Chewing

Tearing/Cutting

Swallowing Whole

Poison: May be ingested or absorbed from contact

Venom: Must be injected into the body, require contact with the circulatory system

Body covered with epidermal scales

Three chambered heart-Crocodilia with 4 chambered heart

Internal fertilzation

Amniotic eggs

Body in a bony case of dermal plates

Shoulder and pelvic girdles lie beneath rib cage

Alligators, Crocodiles, and Gharials

4 chambered heart

V-shaped snout

Fresh and salt water

Teeth on lower jaw protrude the upper jaw

Short wide snout

Freshwater only

Feathers

Oviparous

Nucleated red blood cells

Hollow bones

Non-glandular skin

Icterids

(red-winged blackbirds)

Hair present

Integument with sweat, sebaceous, and mammary glands

Four-chambered heart

Internal fertilization

Endothermic

Mammals that lay eggs

Platypus and Echidna

Short gestation

Young born as pinkies

Semi-arboreal

Omnivorous-insectivorous diet

Long gestation

Young fully developed