Term
| Which viruses cause ITB in dogs? |
|
Definition
| -Canine Parainfluenza Virus, Canine Inlfuenza Virus (H3N8), Canine Adenovirus-2, Canine adenovirus-1, Canine distemper virus, Canine herpesvirus-1, Canine reoviruses 1,2,,&3 |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 most important viruses that cause canine infectious tracheobronchitis? |
|
Definition
| -Canine Parainfuenza Virus (CPiV), Canine Influenza Virus (H3N8), Canine Adenovirus-2 (CAV-2) |
|
|
Term
| What bacterial pathogens are associated with ITB? |
|
Definition
| -Bordetella bronchiseptica & Mycoplasma |
|
|
Term
| Where did canine influenza come from? |
|
Definition
| -from the equine influenza virus H3N8 |
|
|
Term
| What clinical signs are seen with feline viral rhinotracheitis? |
|
Definition
| -eye lesions including keratitis and corneal ulcerations with oral erosions/ulcerations, sneezing, nasal discharge, anorexi, fever |
|
|
Term
| Which virus is responsible for feline viral rhinotracheitis? Which age groups are affected? Do they ever fully recover? |
|
Definition
-Feline Herpesvirus-1
-young kittens
-remain latently infected |
|
|
Term
| What clinical signs are caused by Feline calicivirus (FCV) infection? |
|
Definition
| -stomatitis and gingivitis with ulcerations on the tongue borders and hard palate & nasal septum with sneezing, nasal discharge, anorexia, fever, and rarely keratitis, LAMENESS IN ALL AGES IN ABSENCE OF RESP DZ |
|
|
Term
| Which age group of cats usually has clinical FCV infection? Do they ever fully recover? |
|
Definition
-younger cats (adults get lameness)
-remain persistently infected |
|
|
Term
| What clinical signs are seen with the virulent systemic form of feline calicivirus? |
|
Definition
| -upper rep disease, facial edema, ulceration of pinna and foot pads |
|
|
Term
| What are the most important viruses that can cause bovine resp disease? |
|
Definition
| -BHV-1, PI-3, Bovine Resp Syncytial Virus (BRSV), Bovine Adenovirus |
|
|
Term
| Which three viruses are associated with bovine interstitial pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| -PI-3, BRSV, Bovine Adenovirus |
|
|
Term
| Which two viruses are associated with enzootic pneumonia in calves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for Infectious bovine Rhinotracheitis? What virus causes it? |
|
Definition
-aka Red Nose
-caused by BHV-1 |
|
|
Term
| What clinical signs are seen with Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis? |
|
Definition
| -necrosis of the nasal epi and turbinates with upper resp dz and open mouth breathing WITHOUT mouth lesions |
|
|
Term
| Emphysema in bovine lungs is normally seen with which virus? How does it appear on histopath? |
|
Definition
-Bovine Resp Syncytial Virus
-large multinucleated syncytial cells in lung tissue |
|
|
Term
| Which two viruses of cattle cause syncytial cells in vivo in the lung? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Naggseikte Sheep Retrovirus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of virus is JSRV and OPPV? What are their incubation periods? |
|
Definition
-retroviruses
-long incubation periods of 2-3 years |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs seen with JSRV and OPPV in sheep? |
|
Definition
| -chronic progressive peneumonia |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathophysiology of Ovine PUlmonary Adenocarcinoma Jaagseikte Sheep Retrovirus (JSRV). |
|
Definition
| -virus transforms the pneumocytes of the lungs which secrete excessive amounts of fluid that fill up the alveolar space |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathophysiology of Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Virus. |
|
Definition
| -virus transforms macrophages which infiltrate the lungs and other tissues including the udder and brain |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for EHV-4 infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs associated with infection with EHV-4? Which age group is affected? |
|
Definition
-fever, mucopurulent nasal catarrhal, conjunctivitis
-seen in foals and yearlings |
|
|
Term
| What samples do we submit for a diagnosis of EHV-4? |
|
Definition
| -submit nasal secretions for PCR and virus isolation |
|
|
Term
| What are the most important clinical signs associated with Equine Inlfuenza and Equine Rhinitis A virus? Which clinical signs distinguish each? |
|
Definition
-coughing that lasts 2-3 weeks
-EI = sudden onset with slight serous nasal discharge and depression
-ERV A= copious nasal discharge that becomes mucopurulent |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of vaccines do we have for Equine Influenza? |
|
Definition
-bivalent inactivated vaccine with adjuvant
-vx at 6m, 3-8w later, booster 6m later, revx bi-annually |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of vaccines do we have for Equine Rhinitis A virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What samples do we submit for Equine influenza and Equine Rhinitis A virus infections? |
|
Definition
| -deep nasal or pharyngeal swabs and paired serum samples |
|
|
Term
| Which virus can cause fatal disease in Arab foals? What clinical signs does it cause in adults? |
|
Definition
-Equine Adenovirus
-show clinical disease at 1-2m and die at 4-6m
-subclinical in adults |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs associated with Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis (EEE)? |
|
Definition
| -somnolence, drooping lips for hours, no aggressiveness |
|
|
Term
| What lesions are seen with EEE? |
|
Definition
| -extensive hemorrhage in the cortex and perivascular cuffing in the CNS |
|
|
Term
| How is West Nile Virus transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which species are infected by West Nile Virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does BHV-5 cause in cattle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose BHV-5 in the lab? |
|
Definition
| -IPX of infected neurons of the hypothalamus and cereral cortex |
|
|
Term
| What are the two most important viurses that causee diarrhea in calves? |
|
Definition
| -Bovine Rotavirus & Bovine Coronavirus |
|
|
Term
| Do Bovine Rotavirus and Vorine Coronavirus affect adult cattle? |
|
Definition
| -not really, they are asymptomatic carriers that contaminate the environment just before and at time of cavling |
|
|
Term
| Are calves ever protected from viral diarrhea? When are they susceptible? |
|
Definition
-protected by colostrum for first 5 dyas (IgA & IgG)
-susceptible b/n 5d and 14d when the cow starts producing milk and IgA level decreses |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathophysiology of Bovine Rotavirus and Bovine Coronavirus in calves and its effects. |
|
Definition
-infect api cells of SI and destroy the mature columnar cells lining the villi
-dec ability to digest and absorb nutrients resulting in very voluminous watery diarrhea with severe dehydration |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat diarrhea in calves? |
|
Definition
| -cut off milk for 2 days and give lots of electrolytes by mouth/SQ/PO |
|
|
Term
| Which types of farms tend to have explosive outbreaks of calf diarrhea? |
|
Definition
| -those with poor hygiene and management |
|
|
Term
| How do we prevent viral diarrhea in calves? |
|
Definition
| -vaccinate dam with inactivated vx before calving both IM and intramammary |
|
|
Term
| What virus is responsible for Winter Dysentery in adult cattle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During what time of the year does Winter Dysentery occur in adult cattle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most significant clinical signs of Winter Dysentery in adult cattle? How long do they last? |
|
Definition
-profuse, watery diarrhea that is greenish to brown with occasional blood
-also see anorexia, depression, and drastic dec in milk pdn
-lasts for about 5 days |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs seen wth Bovine Papilloma Virus infection? |
|
Definition
| -warts in young cattle on face and neck that eventually regress on their own |
|
|
Term
| How is Bovine Papilloma Virus transmitted? |
|
Definition
| -fomites from cattle rubbing their face on posts etc |
|
|
Term
| How do we prevent Bovine Papilloma Virus infection? |
|
Definition
| -killed vaccine given intradermally |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of warts seen with Bovine Papilloma virus infection? |
|
Definition
| -epithelial papillomas or fibropapillomas |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathophysiology of Bovine Papilloma Virus. |
|
Definition
| -virus stimulates the cells of the basal layer to repilicate, the cells eventually dia and overlay the wart |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Cell infected with Bovine Papilloma Virus do not contain any structural viral proteins or infectious virus. |
|
Definition
| -TRUE, repkication is stimulation through one viral protein that is translated in the viral infected cells |
|
|
Term
| How does Bovine Papilloma Virus present in dairy cows? How is it commonly transmitted in this situation? |
|
Definition
-rice grain or frond like warts on teats
-transmitted via milking machine (thus difficult to get rid of) |
|
|
Term
| WShat kind of virus causes pseudocowpox? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What clinical signs are seen with Pseudocowpox infection? Is it zoonotic? |
|
Definition
-proliferative and eventually scabby lesions on teats (horse-shoe appearance when healing)
-it is zoonotic |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose Pseudocowpox? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Pseudopoxvirus spread to calves? What does it cause then? |
|
Definition
-teat by handlers and milkers
-develop Bovine Papular Stomatitis |
|
|
Term
| What is a pseudocowpox lesion called in humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of virus causes Bovine Papular Stomatitis? Describe the lesions. |
|
Definition
-Parapxvirus
-proliferative lesions on tongue, nasal septum, etc |
|
|
Term
| What samples do we take to confirm Bovine Papular Stomatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which virus is responsible for ulcerative lesions on the teat and udder of cattle? |
|
Definition
| -Bovine Herpes Mammillitis Virus |
|
|
Term
| Which viruses can cause lesions on the teats of cattle? |
|
Definition
-Bovine Herpes Mammillitis Virus: ulcerative
-Parapoxvirus
-Bovine Papilloma Virus |
|
|
Term
| Is Contagious Ecthyma zoonotic? |
|
Definition
-yes, common in shearers
-starts as a vesicular lesion, progresses to a pustule, then forms a firm adherent scab |
|
|
Term
| Which age group of sheep are especially afffected by Contagious Ecthyma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of virus is responsible for Contagious Ecthyma of sheep? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of Contagious Ecthyma? |
|
Definition
| -proliferative/scabby lesions around mouth |
|
|
Term
| How do we prevent lambs from Contagious Ecthyma? |
|
Definition
-vaccinate at 2m
-vaccinating ewe is useless for protecting the lamb |
|
|
Term
| What species other than sheep are susceptible to Contagious Ecthyma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 diseases are caused by a parapoxvirus? Which are zoonotic? |
|
Definition
-Contagious Ecthyma: sheep, goats, humans
-Bovine Papular Stomatitis
-Pseudocowpox
-ALL OF THEM ARE ZOONOTIC |
|
|
Term
| What does parapoxvirus look like on EM? |
|
Definition
| -oval in shape and the proteins of the outer envelop have a woven apperance |
|
|
Term
| How are viral papillomas spread in deer? |
|
Definition
| -close physical contact especially contact involving fighting or sparring that results in minor wound in skin |
|
|
Term
| Which age group of dogs is most commonly affected by viral papillomas? How are they treated? |
|
Definition
-young dogs
-regress normall 6-8w, may remove surgically in interfere iwth eating or collects bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -they pick it up from rodents |
|
|
Term
| Where do cowpox lesions occur on cats? Describe the lesions. |
|
Definition
-face and legs
-solitary proliferative lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which types of cats are most commonly affected by feline papilloma virus? |
|
Definition
| -older cats that are immunodeficient as a result of FIV infection |
|
|
Term
| Where do the lesions occur on cats resulting from feline pepilloma virus? |
|
Definition
| -anywhere as solitary proliferative lesions |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose feline papilloma virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where on the body do viral papillomas most commonly occur in horses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we treat viral papillomas in horses? |
|
Definition
| -will regress with time, surgical removal, inject wart with IFN at base |
|
|
Term
| What virus is most probably responsible for equine sarcoids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus is responsible for Euqine Coital Exanthema? |
|
Definition
| -Equine herpesvirus type 3 |
|
|
Term
| What lesions result from Equine Coital Exanthema? Where do these lesions occur? |
|
Definition
-vesicular or pustular eruptions eruptions on the vulva and perineum of mares and on the penis of stallions
-lesions occur on teats,on muzzle of suckling foals, and on penis |
|
|
Term
| Which species is primarily affected by Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which kind of virus is responsible for Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis? To which family does it belong? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cells are affected by Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis? |
|
Definition
| -monocytes htat infiltrate the joints, CNS, and udder |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for Caprine Arthirtis Encephalitis? Why? |
|
Definition
-Bid Knee
0inflammation of the synovial membrane results in painful joint swelling |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis infection? |
|
Definition
-progressive, painful lameness causing weight loss
-mastitis |
|
|
Term
| How is Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis spread? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of Border Disease? What else is it called? |
|
Definition
| -lamb with hair instead of wool with trembling and ataxia |
|
|
Term
| What other virus is Border Disease closely related to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which species are affected by Scrapie? What are the resulting clinical signs? |
|
Definition
-sheep and goats
-non-febrile, chronic, fatal disease characterized by pruritis which manifested by rubbing affecteed parts against objects (fence posts, walls) and biting the flank |
|
|
Term
| What effects does Scrapie have on the brain as evident on histopath? |
|
Definition
| -holes in the brain that give it a spongy appearance |
|
|
Term
| Which animals are suscepbitlbe to Chronic Wasting Disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of Chronic Wasting Disease? |
|
Definition
| -teeth grinding, abnormal behavior, excessive water intake, marked loss of weight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -treat brain tissue with Proteinase K to digest away normal PrPc proteins then do an immunoperoxidase stain to make the PrPSc proteins reddish-brown |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 principle reservoirs of Rabies in the US and their corresponding geographical regions? |
|
Definition
-Skunks: central states
-Raccoons: SE
-Foxes: North
Bats: throughout the US
-Coyote: extreme south of TX |
|
|
Term
| What is the eventual result of all rabies cases in mammals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of rabies in a dog? In a cat? In a cow? |
|
Definition
-Prodromal form: change in temperment, fever, pupil dilation, lick wounds
-Furious form: abnormal aggression, change in voice, salivation, abnormal sexual behavior
-Paralytic form: ascending paralysis and death
-same in a cat
-same in a cow |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of vaccines do we have for rabies? |
|
Definition
| -recombinant vaccines with G-protein in wild animals |
|
|
Term
| What are the presenting clinical signs of rabies in a hrose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most telling clinical sign of rabies in wild animals? |
|
Definition
| -loss of fear in humans = behavioral changes |
|
|
Term
| What is pathognomonic for Rabies on histopath? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus is responsible for Pseudorabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of Pseudorabies in a sow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for Pseudorabies in cattle? Clinical signs? |
|
Definition
-Mad Itch
-intense pruritis that causes frenzy, salivation, bellowing, convulsions, and death within 48h |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of Pseudorabies in dogs and cats? |
|
Definition
-intense pruritis, also salivation and convulsions
-also see vomiting and diarrhea
-NO AGGRESSION |
|
|
Term
| If you did a thoracocentesis in a cat with fluid due to FeLV, what would you see in the fluid? |
|
Definition
| -large lymphocytes (lymphoblasts) |
|
|
Term
| The lymphomas due to FeLV are made up of what kind of cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is special about the cats that get alimentary lymphosarcomas due to FeLV? |
|
Definition
| -usually older and test negative on SNAP test |
|
|
Term
| If you wanted to detect the presence of FeLV in the cells of a blood smear, what test would you use? How would it be run? |
|
Definition
-IFA test
-1 AB is mouse Ab specific for p27, 2nd Ab is rabbit anti mouse Ab tagged with flourescent molecule - |
|
|
Term
| Which vaccine do we use for FeLV? How is it administered? |
|
Definition
-recombinant Poxcirus vaccine
-administered intradermally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs seen with FIV? |
|
Definition
| -gingivitis and stomatitis |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary cause of the oral lesions seen with FIV? |
|
Definition
| -FCV started to replicate in the mucosal epi due to the immunosuppression caused by the FIV |
|
|
Term
| What are the common clinical wigns of FIP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the fluid due to FIP. |
|
Definition
| -low cellularity, A:G ratio < 0.45 & TP > 3.5 g/dl |
|
|
Term
| REVIEW YOUR NOTES ON FIP!!! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ocular lesions does FIP cause? |
|
Definition
-ANTERIOR UVEITIS
-severe iritis and keratic precipitates too |
|
|
Term
| Describe the dry form of FIP. Clinical signs? |
|
Definition
-pyogranlomas everywhere!
-ocular lesions, behavioral changes, granulomatous lesions everywhere |
|
|
Term
| What does FIP look like histiologically? |
|
Definition
| -perivascular granulomas or pyogranulomas with systemic vasculitis or thrombovasculitis |
|
|
Term
| REVIEW NOTES ON FPV INFECTIONS!!! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the typical clinical signs of FPV? |
|
Definition
| -typical head over water bowl posture, vomiging, dehydration |
|
|
Term
| Is diarrhea usually seen in acute FPV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What shows on the bloodwork of FPV? |
|
Definition
| -severe leukopenia, PRIMARILY CHARACTERIZED BY NEUTROPENIA |
|
|
Term
| What shows on necropsy of FPV? |
|
Definition
| -sausage-like hyperemic SI |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Pathogen-free kittens have less severe disease and lesions due to FPV than normally raised kittens. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus is resposible for Feline Panleukopenia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of FPV? |
|
Definition
| -vomtiing, severe dehydration, neutropenia |
|
|
Term
| In which age group of cats is FPV primarily seen? |
|
Definition
| -unvaccinated young 2-6m kittens |
|
|
Term
| What virus is responsible for canine parvo? |
|
Definition
| -Canine Parvovirus type 2 |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of CPV-2? |
|
Definition
| -bloody diarrhea, anorexia, and dehydration |
|
|
Term
| Which test do we use to diagnose CPV-2? What does it detect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What viruses cause diarrhea in dogs? |
|
Definition
| -CPV-2, alimentary form of CDV, CAV-1 |
|
|
Term
| How does the CITE test for CPV-2 work? |
|
Definition
| -solid phase ELISA that uses a CPV-2 MAb to capture the virus on a membrane |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of CDV? |
|
Definition
-nasal discharge that becomes mucopurulent, fever, cough
-can also develop GI form with hemorrhagic diarrhea
-CNS signs later in disease with seizures, ataxia, myoclonus, chorea, ascending paralysis
-hyperkeratosis of foot pads
-enamal hypoplaisa |
|
|
Term
| What wildlife reservoir is important to CDV? What are the clinical signs? |
|
Definition
-raccoons
-same as dog with notable CNS dz and high mortality |
|
|
Term
| How does CDV look on histopath? |
|
Definition
-intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions
-generally only see IC inclusions except in brain and bladder wall |
|
|
Term
| Which virus is responsible for ICH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the lesions seen on necropsy due to ICH? |
|
Definition
| -echymotic hemorrhages everywhere, enlarged tonsils |
|
|
Term
| Is ICH caused by a DNA or RNA virus? What do we see on histopath? |
|
Definition
-DNA
-intranuclear inclusions in Kupfer cells |
|
|
Term
| How does ICH present in the fox? How does this differ from how it presents in domestic dogs? |
|
Definition
-CNS dz
-not frequently CNS dz in dogs, usually due to CAV-1 not 2 |
|
|
Term
| What is Blue Eye and what causes it? |
|
Definition
-keratitis due to CAV-1
-Ab binding to cells of cornea on descemet membrane |
|
|
Term
| Is blue eye a permanent condition? |
|
Definition
| -no, no permanent blindness |
|
|
Term
| How do we vaccinate for ICH? Why? |
|
Definition
-with CAV-2 vaccine
-b/c CAV-1 vaccine can cause blue eye |
|
|
Term
| What are the lesions seen on necropsy due to Canine Herpesvirus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If one pup of a litter dies due to CHV-1, how do we prevent disease in the other pups? |
|
Definition
| -hyperimmune serum and increase body temp |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of actue EIA? |
|
Definition
| -high fever, anorexia, ataxia, profound weakness, thrombocytopenia with petechial hemorrhages, edema of abdomen and legs |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of a recurrent fever due to EIA? |
|
Definition
| -fever, anemia, weakness, emaciation, ventral edema, thrombocytopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of EIA. |
|
Definition
-virus "injected" by blood-sucking flies, taken up by macrophages/monocytes, spreads them to resident macrophages in liver, spleen, LN, etc and replicates here causes a viremia
-virus stops replicating when circulating Ab to gp90 appear but remains as a provirus in the resident macrophages
-has a recurrent fever when gp90 mutates enough to not be affected by circulating Ab |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-C-ELISA or AGID (Coggins) test for circulating Ab to core p26 proteins
-positive c-ELISA has to be confirmed by Coggins |
|
|
Term
| What causes the ventral edema seen with EIA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes the anemia seen with EIA? |
|
Definition
| -complement-mediated erythrophagocytosis |
|
|
Term
| What is te other name for EHV-1? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs seen with EHV-1? |
|
Definition
| -myeloencephalopathy with ataxia, posterior paresis, quadriplegia |
|
|
Term
| REVIEW NOTES ON EHV-1!!!! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of the ataxkia and paralysis seen with EHV-1? |
|
Definition
| -hemorrhage and necrosis in spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| What are the two most important viruses associated with aboriton in mares? Which is more important? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do abortions due to EHV-1 occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What clinical signs are seen in abortion mares due to EHV-1? |
|
Definition
| -none, see respiratory disease in foals a few weeks prior |
|
|
Term
| What is the vaccination protocol for EHV-1 to prevent aboriton? |
|
Definition
| -pregnant mares are vaccinated with inactivated virus vaccine at 5th, 7th, and 9th months of pregnancy |
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Term
| What is the common name for Equine Viral Arteritis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of disease does EVA cause primarily? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of EVA? |
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Definition
| -pinkeye, depression, ventral edema, nasal and ocular discharges, abortion |
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Term
| Where does EVA replicate? What does this cause? |
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Definition
-virus replciates in endothelial cells of blood vesels and causes arteritis
-hence ventral edema |
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Term
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Definition
| -aerosol transmission, venereally, mucosal ocntact |
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Term
| What is the role of the stallion in transmitting EVA? |
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Definition
| -stallions can shed virus for up to 2y post-infection and pass it venereally |
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Term
| What type of horses are mroe susceptible to EVA infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two viral diseases of horses associated with ventral edema? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the common name for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What virus is responsible for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinicla signs seen due to IBR resp form of BHC-1? |
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Definition
-necrosis of nasal epi and turbinates, open mouth breathing
-NO MOUTH LESIONS |
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Term
| In addition to BHV-1, what is another virus associated with open mouth breathing in cattle? |
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Definition
| -Bovine Resp Syncytial Virus |
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Term
| What virus is responsible for Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis in cattle? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does abortion occur due to Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis in cattle? |
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Definition
| -last trimester in pregnancy |
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Term
| What do we see on histopath of BHV-1 on aborted fetuses? |
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Definition
| -multifocal disseminated necrosis in liver and lungs with intranuclear inclusions |
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Term
| How do we diagnose BHV-1? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How is BLV transmitted naturally? |
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Definition
| -blood inoculation (containing infected lymphocytes) via insect vectors |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of BLV? |
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Definition
| -dec appetite, dec milk pdn, WEIGHT LOSS, anemia, enlarged LN, possible paralysis and eye protrusion |
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Term
| True or False: All catte that are showing clinical signs of BLV are seropositive. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which cells are affected by BLV? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| IS there a viremia with BLV? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the common sits of LSA due to BLV? |
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Definition
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Term
| What clinical signs is characteristic of abomasal LSA due to BLV? |
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Definition
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Term
| What clinical signs are characteristic of cardiac LSA due to BLV? |
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Definition
| -hydropericardium, hydrothroax, edema of brisket |
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Term
| What clinical signs are characteristic of CNS LSA due to BLV? |
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Definition
| -posterior paralysis with circling and falling |
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Term
| REVIEW MUCOSAL DISEASE AND PERSISTENT INFECTIONS |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of BVD mucosal disease? |
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Definition
-most are inapparent with mild fever, keukopenia, and diarrhea with rapid recovery
-peracute highly fatal diarrhea form is characterized by resp and enteric signs: resp infection, profuse diarrhea, high fever, oral erosions |
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Term
| What kind of animals get Fatal Mucosal Disease? Clinical signs? |
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Definition
-PI animals
-CS: profuse watery diarrhea, anorexia, mucopurulent nasal discharge, erozive.ulceerative stomatitis, emaciation, dehydration, death |
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Term
| How do we diagnose BVD mucosal disease? |
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Definition
-FA or IPX on whole blood sample
-FA, IHC, or PCT on ear notch |
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Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of PI with BVD. How does mucosal disease occur in PI cattle? |
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Definition
-PI occurs when fetus in infected during 45-125d of prebnancy with a NCP strain => fetus recognizes virus as self and is born normal except that it secretes the virus consistently
-PI calves develop mucosal disease when NCP strian mutates into CP strain, or are infected iwth CP strain that is homologous to the NCP strain it has |
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Term
| ow is BVDV primarilyy transmitted? |
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Definition
| -through PI animals excreting the NCP BVDV in all secretions |
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Term
| How can fetal infection with BVDV affect the fetal brain? |
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Definition
| -can result in cerebellar hypoplasia causing ataxia |
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Term
| True or False: An animal that is transiently viremic with BVDV (undergoing acute infection) will be ICH negative if ear notch sample is tested. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of Border Disease? Other name? |
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Definition
-lambs with hair not wool that trembles and is ataxic
-aka Hairy Shaker |
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Term
| What other virus is related to the virus responsible for Border Disease in young lambs? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the clinical signs due to Bovine Malignant Catarrhal FEver? |
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Definition
| -erosive stomatitis, gastroenteritis, erosions of upper resp tract, kerato-conjunctivitis, encephalitis, and lymphadenopathy |
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Term
| Describe the eye lesions characteristic of Bovine Malignant Catarrhal Fever. |
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Definition
| -corneal opacity that starts at the limbus and progresses toards the center with interstitial keratitis |
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Term
| What are the reservoirs for MCF? |
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Definition
-African form assoc with Alcelaphine Herpesvirus-1 is wildebeest
-European/US form assoc with Ovine Herpesvirus-2 is sheep |
|
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Term
| REVIEW YOUR NOTES OF BOVINE MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pathognomonic lesions in cattle with MCF? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does MCF replicate? |
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Definition
| -vascular endothelial cells and CD8+ cells kill these |
|
|
Term
| What other animals are infected with MCF? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How is BTV transmitted naturally? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the seasonality of BTV... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which animals are clinically affected by BTV? Which animals are subclinical carriers? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of BTV seen in sheep? |
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Definition
| -anorexia, nasal discharge, excessive salivation, excoriation of buccal mucosa, blue swollen tongue, diarrhea, lameness, torticollis, loss of fleece |
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Term
| What is the lesion pathognomonic for BTV in sheep? |
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Definition
| -hemorrhage at pbase of pulmonary artery |
|
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Term
| What are the two signs characteristics of BTV in fetuses or newborns? |
|
Definition
-arthrogryposis
-hydranencephaly: accumulation of fluid in the white matter as a result of virus induced necrosis |
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Term
| How does BTV infect fetuses? |
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Definition
| -BTV and attenuated vaccine virus will cross placenta |
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Term
| Do cattle present with clinical BTV? If so, describe it. If not, why bother mentioning cattle? |
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Definition
-not often clinical, simply act as amplifiers of BTv
-if they are clinical, characterized by lameness, erosions in nostril and peeling of skin of nasal septum |
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Term
| How is Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease transmitted? Seasonality? |
|
Definition
-Cullicoides verripennis
-late summer and fall |
|
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Term
| Which animals are most often affected by EHD? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you seen on necropsy of EHD? |
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Definition
| -extensive hemorrhages in muscles & prominent interlobar fluid accumulation in lungs |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What three viruses infect deer and cause high mortality? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What two viruses cause vesicular disease in cattle? How are they transmitted? What samples would you collect? |
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Definition
-Vasicular Stomatitis Virus: transmitted via sand flies and black flies, collect vesicular fluid
-FMD: transmitted via body fluids/direect contact/inhalation/ingestion, submit vesicular fluid and epi covering |
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Term
| Which two vesicular viruses cause vesicles on the teat of cows? Which non-vesicular disease also does this? |
|
Definition
-Vesicular Stomatitis Virus & FMD
-also BTV |
|
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Term
| What are the four vesicular diseases of pigs? How are they transmitted? What samples do we collect? |
|
Definition
1) Vesicular stomatitis: sand flies/blackflies & vesicular fluid and paried serum samples
2) Vesicular Exanthema of Swine: in meat, submit vesicular fluid
3) FMD: via secretions, submit vesicular fluid and epi coveirng
4) Swine Vesicular Disease: no idea how it is transmitted, submit vesicular fluid |
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Term
| Which kind of virus causes Vesicular Stomatitis? To which family does it belong? |
|
Definition
-vesiculovirus
-Rhabdoviridae |
|
|
Term
| Which kind of virus causes San Miguel Sea Lion Virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the early clinical sings of FMD in cattle? What would you expect to observe if you examined the mouth? |
|
Definition
-tongue sucking and salivation
-vesiclles |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of FMD in pigs? |
|
Definition
| -lameness and vesicles on snout |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of FMD in calves? |
|
Definition
| -death due to myocarditis |
|
|
Term
| What kind of virus is responsible for FMD? To which family does it belong? |
|
Definition
-Aphtovirus
-Picornaviridae |
|
|
Term
| REVIEW THE VESICUALR DISEASES!!! |
|
Definition
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