Term
Red Blood Cell Count
measures |
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Definition
| RBC = absolute count of RBC 19s per cubic millimeter |
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Term
Red Blood Cell Count
decreased causes |
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Definition
anemia, liver disease, renal failure
o Drugs: acetaminophen, chemo, digoxin |
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Term
Red Blood Cell Count
increased causes |
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Definition
hypoxia, polycythemia
o Drugs: corticosteroids |
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Term
Red Blood Cell Count
interventions |
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Definition
| to promote oxygenation, transfusion |
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Term
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Definition
| Hct = % of RBC 19s in plasma |
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Term
Hematocrit
decreased causes |
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Definition
| anemia, fluid volume excess, B12 deficiency, liver disease |
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Term
Hematocrit
increased causes |
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Definition
| COPD, dehydration, vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
| to promote oxygenation, transfusion |
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Term
White Blood Cell Count
measures |
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Definition
Neutrophils (segs and bands) = first WBC’s to increase during acute infection
Monocytes = increase in later phase of an infection, ingest bacterial and debris
Lymphocytes = increase in chronic and viral infection |
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Term
White Blood Cell Count
decreased causes |
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Definition
| immunosuppression, anemia, sepsis, B12 deficiency |
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Term
White Blood Cell Count
increased causes |
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Definition
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Term
White Blood Cell Count
interventions |
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Definition
| to reduce spread of infection |
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Term
platelets
decreased causes |
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Definition
| bone marrow suppression, HIV, heparin |
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Term
platelets
if decreased monitor for bleeding where? |
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Definition
| Monitor for bleeding—oral cavity, GI, urine, bruising |
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Term
platelets
increased causes |
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Definition
| malignancy or polycythemia vera, acute blood loss, cancer, infection |
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Term
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Definition
| transfuse platelets, limit punctures, no rectal procedures |
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Term
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
increased causes |
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Definition
deficiency of any factors, hemophilia, liver disease.
increased for therapeutic effect, measures intrinsic clotting factors |
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Term
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
affected by what drugs |
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Definition
| Lovenox and Heparin and warfarin |
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Term
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
extremely high levels can be reversed by..? |
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Definition
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Term
Prothrombin Time (PT) & INR
increased causes |
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Definition
| evidence of deficiency or clotting |
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Term
Prothrombin Time (PT) & INR
decreased causes |
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Definition
| warfarin therapy for DVT, heart disease, evidence of vitamin K excess |
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Term
Prothrombin Time (PT) & INR
affected by what drug |
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Definition
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Term
Prothrombin Time (PT) & INR
extremely high levels reversed by |
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Definition
| Extremely high levels reversed by Vitamin K |
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Term
Activated Clotting Time (ACT)
decreased causes |
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Definition
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Term
Activated Clotting Time (ACT)
increased causes |
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Definition
| cirrhosis, clotting factor deficiencies |
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Term
Activated Clotting Time (ACT)
drugs that increase |
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Definition
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Term
Activated Clotting Time (ACT)
this is used to determine what? |
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Definition
| Used to determine when it is safe to pull sheath post angioplasty, end access for dialysis run, and determine effectiveness of heparin therapy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Glucose
high levels cause what |
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Definition
| hyperosmolarity and dehydration |
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Term
Glucose
low levels cause what |
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Definition
| sweating, LOC changes, must be treated with either oral or IV glucose depending on LOC |
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Term
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Definition
| AIDS, CHF, cirrhosis, exercise, heavy sweating, NG suctioning, vomiting, water intoxication |
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Term
Sodium
drugs that decrease |
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Definition
| ACE inhibitors, diuretics, hypotonic saline |
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Term
|
Definition
| dehydration, dietary intake, diabetes insipidus, excessive sweating, and vomiting |
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Term
Sodium
drugs that increase |
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Definition
| hypertonic saline, steroids |
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Term
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Definition
| severe prolonged changes to sodium concentration can lead to permanent neurological deficits |
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Term
Potassium
decreased causes |
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Definition
| alkalosis, low potassium intake, diarrhea, vomiting |
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Term
Potassium
drugs that decrease potassium |
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Definition
| Depleted by loop and thiazide diuretics |
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Term
Potassium
increased causes |
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Definition
| renal failure, burns, crush injuries, acidosis, dehydration |
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Term
Potassium
drugs that increase |
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Definition
| ACE-inhibitors, beta blockers, NSAIDS |
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Term
Potassium
adverse effects |
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Definition
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Term
Chloride
generally follows |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| DKA, gastric suctioning, renal failure, sodium loss, vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
| diarrhea, dehydration, renal failure, respiratory acidosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Can affect acid-base balance by shifting HCO3- |
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Term
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Definition
not in ABG
reflection of amount of HCO3 presence |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic renal failure, mag deficiency, vitamin D deficiency |
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Term
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Definition
| bone cancer, renal failure |
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Term
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Definition
| Affects cardiac, muscular, bone, coag |
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Term
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Definition
| Watch QT intervals, observe for Cvostek and Trousseau |
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Term
Magnesium
decreased causes |
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Definition
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Term
Magnesium
drugs that decrease |
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Definition
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Term
Magnesium
increased causes |
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Definition
| dehydration, renal failure |
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Term
Magnesium
drugs that increase |
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Definition
| antacids, laxatives, & lithium |
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Term
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Definition
| can lead to torsades de points |
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Term
Blood Urea Nitrogen BUN - renal
decreased causes |
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Definition
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Term
Blood Urea Nitrogen BUN
increased causes |
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Definition
| dehydration, GI bleeding, renal failure, shock, stress |
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Term
| Increased BUN and normal crt = |
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Definition
| Increased BUN and normal crt = dehydration or excessive muscle wasting |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased BUN & crt = renal failure |
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Term
Creatinine - renal
decreased causes |
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Definition
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Term
Creatinine
increased causes |
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Definition
| renal failure, urinary tract obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| Measure albumin & globulin to get total protein |
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Term
Total protein
decreased causes |
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Definition
| chronic liver disease, dietary protein deficiency |
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Term
Total protein
increased causes |
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Definition
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Term
Total protein
decreased adverse effects |
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Definition
Low levels are common and can cause
o Increased drug toxicities
o Peripheral edema |
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Term
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Definition
| part of total protein, albumin is a protein created in the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| liver disease, DM, acute infections, malnutrition |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
ABGs
Respiratory acidosis causes |
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Definition
| any hypoventilation or any drug that causes hypoventilation (anesthesia, opioids) |
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Term
ABGs
Respiratory alkalosis causes |
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Definition
| any hyperventilation or any drug that causes hyperventilation (fear, anxiety) |
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Term
ABGs
Metabolic acidosis causes |
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Definition
| lower GI loss, DKA, renal failure |
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Term
ABGs
Metabolic alkalosis causes |
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Definition
| upper GI loss, gastric suction |
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Term
Creatinine Phophokinase CPK & Isoenzymes (especially CK-MB)
measures |
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Definition
| CPK is an enzyme found mainly in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle. |
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Term
Creatinine Phophokinase & Isoenzymes (especially CK-MB)
when does the enzyme show up? |
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Definition
| Enzyme begins to increase 3-8 hours after the onset of an acute infarct and peaks at 24 hours. It stays elevated for up to 4 days after an infarction but is a less sensitive cardiac marker than troponin |
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Term
Creatinine Phophokinase & Isoenzymes (especially CK-MB)
increased causes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cardiac surgery, cardiac trauma, MI, prolonged SVT |
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Term
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Definition
| Troponin found early in cardiac cell destruction |
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Term
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
high levels reflect |
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Definition
High levels reflect
o Increased ventricular stretching
o Increased sodium and water excretion |
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Term
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
adverse effects |
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Definition
| HF – often used in the diagnosis of CHF |
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