Term
| Phylum Arthropoda (arthropods) |
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Definition
-Bilateral Symmetry
-Head, thorax, and abdomen (aka cephalothorax or prosoma) or just abdomen
-Appendages with hinge joints (1 pair/segment)
-Segment=Somite
-Exoskeleton
-Open circulatory system
-Respiration-gills, tracheal tubes, booklungs
-Brain, ventral nerve cord
-Dioecious with metamorphosis and parthenogenesis (unfertilized egg develops)
-6 major classes
1. Crayfish, shrimps and crabs
2. Insects
3. Centipedes
4. Millipedes
5. Spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites
6. Horseshoe crabs |
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Term
| Phylum Echinodermata (sea stars) |
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Definition
-Exclusively marine and are among the most common and widely distributed of marine animals
-Radial symmetry
-Body is triploblastic, coelomate with distinct oral and aboral surfaces and without definite head and segmentation
-They are moderate to considerable size but none are microscopic |
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Term
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Definition
-All chordates are characterized by 3 basic features that are present at some time during the life of the organisms:
1. Dorsal hollow nerve chord
2. Notochord
3. Pharyngeal gill slits
-Chordates are categorized into 3 subphyla
1. Urochordates
2. Cephalochordates
3. Vertebrates |
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Term
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Definition
Paryngeal gill slits
-Notochord and nerve chord are present but are lost when the free-swimming larva attaches to a rock and undergoes metamorphosis
-The adult tunicate obtains food and oxygen from water filtered through the paryngeal gill slits that are retained |
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Term
| Subphylum Cephalochordata |
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Definition
-Amphioxus, a cephalochordate is a small marine animal common to tropical to sandy beaches
-Capable of swimming but are buried in the sand with only their anterior end being exposed |
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Term
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Definition
| -In adult vertebrates, the notochord is replaced by cartilaginous or bony vertebral column that supports and protects the dorsal nerve cord |
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Term
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Definition
-The lowest class of true vertebrates living today are lampreys and hagfishes (jawless fishes). Both live as scavengers and parasites on other fishes
-4 primitive characteristics
1. Absense of jaws
2. Skin lacking scales
3. Seven gill slits behind each eye
4. Continuous median fin |
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Term
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Definition
-Skeleton of cartilage is a major characteristic of this group which includes sharks, skates, and rays
-Shark skin consists of of tiny sharp scales called placoid scales
-Spiracle is behind the eye that admits water into internal gills
-5 gill slits behind the spiracle |
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Term
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Definition
-Bony fish
-Shape and arrangement of the perch scales are quite different from the shark |
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Term
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Definition
-Amphibians deposit eggs in ponds and streams
-Larva hatches with function gills but are replaced as lungs when adults |
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Term
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Definition
-Because of internal fertilization and a leathery-shelled, evaporation-resistant egg, reptiles are able to reproduce without returning to water
-Has no larval stage of development
-Epidermal scales first appear in reptiles and develop from the epidermis and are not the same as the dermal scales of fishes
-Scales are important in reducing evaporation water loss from the body |
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Term
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Definition
-Birds eggs are incubated by he body heat of the parent birds
-Warm-bloodedness called endothermy allows birds to maintain a high and constant temp and metabolic rate, enabling them to remain active even through environmental temperatures vary
-Birds and reptiles have a close evolutionary relationship |
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Term
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Definition
-The presence of hair and mammary glands is what distinguishes you and other mammals from all other animals
-Like birds, mammals are endothermic |
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Term
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Definition
| An alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health |
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Term
| Understand the difference between quadrats/transects |
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Definition
-Quadrats- Sample areas or sites scattered at random throughout the area being studied (A-A, B-B, C-C)
-Transects- Sample areas or sites in a specific area (K,L,M,N) |
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Term
| Understand the definitions of and relationships between populations, communitites, and ecosystems |
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Definition
-Populations-A group of interbreeding individuals of the same species that occupy the same place at the same time
-Communities-A group of populations of different species living together in the same area at the same time
-Ecosystems- Consist’s of all the biotic and abiotic factors within a certain area |
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Term
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Definition
1. Primary producers (organisms that make their own food from sunlight and/or chemical energy from deep sea vents) are the base of every food chain - these organisms are called autotrophs.
2. Primary consumers are animals that eat primary producers; they are also called herbivores (plant-eaters).
3. Secondary consumers eat primary consumers. They are carnivores (meat-eaters) and omnivores (animals that eat both animals and plants).
4. Tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers.
5. Quaternary consumers eat tertiary consumers.
6. Food chains "end" with top predators, animals that have little or no natural enemies |
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