Term
| Gellectectrophesis technique |
|
Definition
1. Must have a charge DNA and Protein
2.DNA has a charge of phosphate, DNA has a negative charge |
|
|
Term
| Three factors rate will go through the gell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a restriction Enzyme |
|
Definition
| cuts DNA in a a specific sequence |
|
|
Term
| What do they make the wells with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Liquid inside the elctrophoresis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Electrophoresis is the motion of dispersed particles relative to a fluid under the influence of a spatially uniform electric field |
|
|
Term
| Two things a running buffer does |
|
Definition
| It is a buffer and conductor |
|
|
Term
| Two things The loading dye DNA is mixed with does ? |
|
Definition
| gives our sample denisty, track migration of the elelctrophoresis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small curricular piece of extra DNA |
|
|
Term
How do you read a micro Pipette when it is 2-20
if it looks like this
2
0
0 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How would you read a micro pipette 20-200 if it read like this
2
0
0 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How would you read i micro pipette 200-1000 if it read like this
1
0
0 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does it mean in a petagree if it is a circle filled in |
|
Definition
| Female and has the trait or disease |
|
|
Term
| What is a triangle not filled in |
|
Definition
| Male without trait or disease |
|
|
Term
| What is a circle not filled in |
|
Definition
| Female without trait or disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Monohybrid inheritance is the inheritance of a single characteristic.
[image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
If an organism's genotype is homozygous it has on both chromosomes, either the dominant or the recessive genes for a certain characteristic. So, if the pea plant has a homozygous dominant genotype, it has two dominant genes - TT. If the pea plant has a homozygous recessive genotype, it has two recessive genes - tt.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
If an organism's genotype is heterozygous it has one dominant gene and one recessive gene. The genotype would be Tt.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the ratio of characteristics after a cross
(tall, short,round)
|
|
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
P stands for Prophase -
The spindle fibres start to form, and the nuclear membrane starts to disappear.
M stands for Metaphase -
The spindle fibres are starting to attach the chromosomes, and they start to line up in the middle of the cell.
A stands for Anaphase -
The spindle fibres are ready to tug, contract, and pull the chromosomes to the end of the poles.
T stands for Telophase -
Two cells are formed. But before that, the spindle fibres are starting to disappear, and a nuclear membrane is starting to form around the chromosomes. Only for plant cells, a cell plant starts to form in middle of the cytoplasm. Then, the two cells are formed.
With identical sets of chromosomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Preparation Phase
- Parent cell participates actively in metabolic processes to prepare itself for cell division.
- The two major processes undergone for growth of the cell are replication of genetic material and protein synthesis process.
- Two centrioles (formed by replication) become prominent, whereas the replicated DNA are present as chromatin in diffused state.
- Nuclear membrane remains intact for protecting DNA from getting mutated.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- The first in the steps of mitosis is marked by condensation of chromatin, resulting in prominent chromosomes.
- Along with chromosome thickening and coiling, nuclear membrane starts disintegrating slowly.
- The nucleolus, a site for protein synthesis, also disappears from the dividing cell.
- Spindle fibers (made up of proteins and microtubules) begin to form in the two opposite poles of the parent cell.
The elongation of spindle fibers brings about the separation of centrioles in the two poles.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- One of the shortest steps of mitosis is none other than the metaphase.
- Paired chromosomes (each having two sister chromatids) begin to migrate at the center or equatorial plate of the cell.
- The spindle fibers attain full growth, and the centrioles are aligned at the two opposite poles of the cell.
- The spindle fiber elongates towards the center of the cell, and gets itself attached to the centromere of the chromosome.
- The nuclear membrane is completely disintegrated in the metaphase step of mitosis.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- The fourth in the steps of mitosis list is anaphase, characterized by separation of the sister chromatids.
- The sister chromatids are separated at the centromere, each of which is pulled towards the poles with the help of spindle fiber.
- The sister chromatids after separation and moving towards the poles of the cell become daughter chromosomes.
- By the end of this mitosis phase, the two ends of the cell house two complete sets of chromosomes.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Two nuclei, on each end of the cell, are formed during telophase step.
- Nuclear membranes start developing around the cell nucleus, which are formed from the remnants of parental cell.
- Slowly, two nucleolus are formed, one in each of the nucleus.
- Uncoiling of the chromosome takes place. By this stage, the genetic component is divided into two equal parts, one each for the newly formed daughter cells.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Telophase
When telophase is complete and the new cell membrane (or wall in the case of the onion root tips) is being formed, the nuclei have almost matured to the pre-mitotic state. The final steps are completion of the total formation of a membrane between each of the new daughter cells to yield two separate new cells. The photomicrograph below illustrates two newly formed cells that have just completed the process of mitosis.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Duplicated chromatin condenses. Each chromosome consists of two, closely associated sister chromatids. Crossing-over can occur during the latter part of this stage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Homologous chromosomes align at the equatorial plate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Homologous pairs separate with sister chromatids remaining together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two daughter cells are formed with each daughter containing only one chromosome of the homologous pair. |
|
|
Term
Second division of meiosis:
Prophase 2: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Second division of meiosis:
Metaphase 2 |
|
Definition
- Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate.
|
|
|
Term
Second division of meiosis:
Anaphase 2 |
|
Definition
| Centromeres divide and sister chromatids migrate separately to each pole. |
|
|
Term
Second division of meiosis
Telophase 2 |
|
Definition
| Cell division is complete. Four haploid daughter cells are obtained. |
|
|
Term
| Complementary DNA Sequence |
|
Definition
As with T
Ts with A
Gs with C
Cs with G
|
|
|
Term
| he complementary sequence to TTAC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the DNA base pair
|
|
Definition
- A with T: the purine adenine (A) always pairs with the pyrimidine thymine (T)
- C with G: the pyrimidine cytosine (C) always pairs with the purine guanine (G)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds. These two strands run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-paralle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (1) Deoxyribose is a pentose sugar with five carbon atoms. Four of the five carbon atoms plus a single atom of oxygen form a five-mem bered ring. The fifth carbon atom is outside the ring and forms a part of a -CH2 group. The four atoms of the ring are num bered'!' 2,3' and 4'. The carbon atom of -CH2 is numbered 5 |
|
|
