Term
| What is the nurses responsibility for labs and diagnostics? |
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Definition
| Prep patient for procedure, monitor before, after, and during, identify abnormal findings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Values that are so abnormal that results are immediately sent to physician/nurse |
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Term
| True or False. Nurses are responsible in obtaining informed consent for diagnostic tests. |
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Definition
| False. Nurses may witness a signing. |
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Term
| What do serum studies analyze and how are they obtained? |
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Definition
| Analysis of blood. usually by venous puncture. |
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Term
| What can serum studies test for? |
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Definition
| CBC, WBC, differential, hct, Hgb, indices, platelets,chemistry studies, cultures, clotting times, therapeutic drug levels. |
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Term
| What does a CBC consist of? |
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Definition
| WBC, Differential WBC, RBC, hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hgb), indices, platelets. |
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Term
| What does a WBC count consist of? |
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Definition
| Total # of WBCs and differential count. |
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Term
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Definition
| elevated WBC count (greater than 11,000/L) |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreased WBC count? (less than 4,500/L) |
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Term
| What is the normal value of WBC's for adults? |
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Definition
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Term
| From order of least to greatest. what is the percentage of each type of WBC? |
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Definition
| Neutrophils 50-60%, lymphocytes 20-40%, monocytes 2%-6%, eosinophils 1%-4%, basophils .5%-1% (Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas. |
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Term
| What is the function of neutrophils, and what is a shift to the left? |
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Definition
| Neutrophils provide the primary defense against microbial invasion (phagocytic). Shift to left is an elevated Neutrophil count. |
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Term
| What is the function of eosinophils? |
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Definition
| Ingest antigen-antibody complexes during late stages of inflammatory and allergic reactions. |
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Term
| What is the function of basophils? |
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Definition
| Release heparin and histamines in areas invaded by antigens (foreign invaders). |
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Term
| What is the function of lymphocytes? |
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Definition
| Fight acute viral and chronic bacterial infections. |
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Term
| T cells are produced through ________ immunity. these cells attack and destroy ________ foreign cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| B cells are produced through _______ immunity. these cells produce_______ against foreign antigens. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of monocytes? |
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Definition
| second defense behind neutrophils in defense against infection. |
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Term
| What is the normal range of RBC's in adults? |
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Definition
men: 4.2-5.4 x 10^6/ul
women 3.6-5.0 x 10^6/ul |
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Term
RBC's contain hemoglobin and hematocrit. Hemoglobin carries ______.
Hematocrit carries_______. |
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Definition
hemoglobin-oxygen
hematocrit-iron |
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Term
| What is the normal adult hemoglobin level? |
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Definition
men 14.0-17.4g/dl
women 12.0-16.0g/dl |
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Term
| What is the normal adult hematocrit level? |
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Definition
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Term
| A low hematocrit level could indicate what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does mean corpuscular volume mean? |
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Definition
| average size of a single RBC |
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Term
| What does mean corpuscular hemoglobin mean? |
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Definition
| average weight of hemoglobin (hgb) within an RBC. |
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Term
| What does mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration mean? |
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Definition
| average concentration of hgb within a single RBC |
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Term
| What does red blood cell distribution mean? |
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Definition
| indication of the variation in RBC size. |
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Term
| What is thrombocytopenia? |
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Definition
| Low platelet count (less than 140,000) |
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Term
|
Definition
| High platelets (greater than 400,000) |
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Term
| What is the normal platelet range? |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient with a low platelet level is at risk for? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A patient with a high platelet count is at risk for? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does a BMP consist of? (7 items) |
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Definition
| chloride, potassium, sodium, glucose, carbon dioxide, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatinine. |
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|
Term
| What is the normal glucose range? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal creatinine level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal potassium level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a lipid panel consist of? |
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Definition
| cholesterol, High density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, and triglycerides. |
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Term
| What must a patient due prior to a blood draw for a lipid panel? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between a culture and a sensitivity test? |
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Definition
| a Culture is blood placed in a bottle which contains growth media for 2-3 days to try to grow microorganism. Sensitivity is small discs marked with antibiotics in a petri dish. No growth around disc indicates sensitivity to antibiotic (meaning antibiotic can be used to rid of infection) |
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Term
| What can be collected from a patient to test for infection? |
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Definition
| serum, sputum, wounds, urine, stool.. |
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Term
| What is the therapeutic INR range? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what medication would a patient be on for a doctor to order a partial thromboplastin and activated thromboplastin time test? |
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Definition
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Term
| If blood is not clotting, and patient is at risk of hemmorage.. would a patient have a low or high APTT |
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Definition
| High APTT(activated partial thrombopastin time) |
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Term
| If a patient's blood is over clotting is does he/she has a high or low aptt? |
|
Definition
| Low APTT (activated thromboplastin time) |
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Term
| What are some examples of drugs that can be therapeutically monitored via blood test? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| If a digoxin level was too high, what would the nurse expect to do? |
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Definition
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Term
| Arterial Blood Gases are blood draws that is an _______ puncture draw site and the nurse most apply ______ following the draw for 5 minutes and a pressure dressing is applied to site. |
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Definition
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Term
| When a patient is ordered for an endoscopy what must the nurse do? |
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Definition
| make sure the patient stays NPO for at least 8 hours prior. |
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Term
| What must a nurse do post-operatively for a patient that received and endoscopy that went through the mouth? |
|
Definition
| make sure the patients gag reflex returns before allowing fluids/food. |
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Term
| What does an EKG or ECG measure? |
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Definition
| The electrical system of the patient's heart. |
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Term
| If a patient gets an x-ray with contrast what is the nurses responsibility? |
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Definition
| make sure the patient drinks all of the contrast. |
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Term
| What is the difference between an x-ray and a CT scan. |
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Definition
| an x-ray takes a general picture taken from one direction while a ct can take pictures in slices from a 360 direction and show body organs in much greater detail. |
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Term
| What do nuclear scans require a patient to do? |
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Definition
| Patient must take a radioisotope. |
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Term
| What is the responsibility of a nurse for a patient getting a nuclear scan? |
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Definition
| To assure the patient that they do not need to worry about being radioactive. |
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Term
| What does an MRI use to obtain a picture of the patient and what impairs this test to be done? |
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Definition
| Magnet, patient can not have pacemaker, defibs., artificial metal valved, bullets, shrapnel... |
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Term
| What does an angiography test for and what is used? |
|
Definition
| Used to determine blood flow through patient's blood vessels. A contrast dye is used to illuminate the vessels. |
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Term
| What must a nurse do for a patient recieving an angiography? |
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Definition
| Make sure patient is not allergic to shellfish or iodine (pt. may be allergic to dye) explain to patient that dye may burn. |
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Term
| Why is a lumbar puncture performed? |
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Definition
| To obtain cerebral spinal fluid. |
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Term
| What is the nurses responsibilities for an LP? |
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Definition
| nurse checks consent, positioning patient on their side in fetal position, checks vitals every 15 minutes for 1 hr and then every 2 hours and then every 4. pt must remain on BR and flat for 4-6 hrs. encourage PO fluid intake. |
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