Habit: medium decurrent tree

Leaves: alternate, simple, 1-3 inches long, wavy, shallow, and irregular margins, usually 7-lobed

Bark: light gray and checkered

Friut: elliptical, tear-shaped acorns singly or in clusters of 2, rarely 3

Habitat: shallow, infertile, well-drained soils, southwest forests, mixed oak community

Habit: large decurrent evergreen with large spreading crown

Leaves: alternate, simple, evergreen, elliptical to oblong, 1-2.5 inches long, thick and leathery, convex with edges turning down, spiny margins (holly-like), shiny green above, duller with fuzz in vein axils below

Fruit: elongated narrow acorn with pointy ends, often distinctly cone-shaped

Habitat: southwest forests, mixed oak community

Habit: decurrent tree that can live up to 300 years

Leaves:

Habit: small to medium excurrent tree

Leaves: fascicles of 3, 6-13 inches long, persist 3-4 years

Reproductive Structure: seed cone, 6-10 inches long, subglobose and heavy, umbo armed with large extended claw

Habitat: endemic to CA, xeric sites, southwest forests, mixed oak community

Habit: large decurrent tree

Leaves: fascicles of 2 or 3, 5-10 inches long, somewhat twisted, pineapple smell

Twigs: tinged with purple, pineapple smell when crushed

Reproductive Structure: seed cone, 5-10 inches long, ovoid, umbo often chalky white with long incurved slender prickle

Habitat: high elevations of Sierras, southwest forests, intermountain community

Habit: small shrub to medium tree

Leaves: alternate, simple, pinnately lobed, rounded tips, sinuses extended almost to midrib, pubescent below

Buds: densely pubescent, angled, terminals clustered, have distinct overlapping scales

Fruit: acorn, short-stalked, oval, scaly with warty cap that encloses 1/2 of nut

Habitat: dry foothills, southwest forests, intermountain community

Habit: large decurrent tree

Leaves: 4-angled needles, stomata on all sides, silvery, shaped like a hockey stick

Bark: chalky white when young, becoming thick and reddish and platy with deep furrows

Reproductive Structure: erect seed cone, 6-9 inches long and deciduous

Habitat: high elevations and mountainsides, southwest forests, mesic conifer forests community

Habit: large excurrent tree

Leaves: needles in fascicles of 5

Reproductive Structure: seed cone, 11-20 inches long, stalked, apophysis thickened, umbo unarmed, seeds large

Habitat: areas with hot dry summers and cool moist winters, southwest forests, mesic conifer forests community

Habit: extremely large decurrent tree

Leaves: dimorphic, scalelike on lateral and lower branches, subulate on terminal shoots and younger branches

Twigs: covered in leaves, turning reddish brown with scaly bark as leaves fall

Buds: naked

Reproductive Structure: egg-shaped seed cone, peltate scales, may stay closed for several years, photosynthetic

Habitat: 75 isolated groves in western Sierras, southwest forests, mesic conifer forest community

Habit: medium to large tree, buttressed at base

Leaves: scale-like, opposite, decussate, lustrous, dark yellow green

Bark: smooth when young, becoming fibrous and deeply furrowed

Reproductive Structure: seed cones with 3 pairs of opposing leathery scales

Habitat: hot dry sites as well as coastal fog belt, southwest forests, mesic conifer forests community

Habit: small multistemmed tree to medium tree

Leaves: fascicles of 2 (sometimes 1 or 3), 3-4 cm long, pale stomatal banding, stiff, thick, curved

Reproductive Structure: seed cone, resinous, depressed ovoid, umbo diamond shaped, seeds large & edible (pine nuts)

Habitat: semiarid SW woodlands, southwest forests, intermountain community

Habit: somewhat spreading shrub

Leaves: dimorphic-large in spring with high moisture and smaller in winter with low moisture, wedge-shaped with 3 toothed tips, silvery green and pubescent on both sides

Fruit: small achenes in fall to early winter

Habitat: semiarid open sites, southwest forests, intermountain community