Term
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Definition
| anterior, towards the head |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| posterior; towards the tail |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| closer to the body (refers to appendages) |
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Term
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Definition
| farther from the body (refers to appendages) |
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Term
| What is the post cranial skeleton? |
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Definition
| everything except for the cranium |
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Term
| What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column in order? |
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Definition
| cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, caudal |
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Term
| What are the two special vertebrae and what are their function? |
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Definition
| The Atlas (for head motion forward and back) and the Axis (for turning head left and right |
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Term
| What is the difference between aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates in regards to the pectoral girdle? |
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Definition
| In aquatics the pectoral girls is associated with the head (moves with body) while in terrestrial vertebrates the girdle is associated with the vertebral column. |
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Term
| What is the mode of locomotion for a fish |
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Definition
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Term
| What is he mode of locomotion for an amphibian? |
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Definition
| Lateral undulation (sprawled or semi erect posture) |
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Term
| What is the mode of locomotion for birds? |
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Definition
| Flight (have modified forelimbs for flight and modified hindlimbs for bipedalism) |
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Term
| What kind of posture to mammals have? |
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Definition
| Erect posture- limbs move directly under body. |
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Term
| Describe the forelimbs of a mammal. |
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Definition
-Rotated posteriorly
-Elbow+wrist rotate anteriorly-> radius crosses ulna |
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Term
| Describe the hindlimbs of a mammal. |
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Definition
-Rotated anteriorly.
-Knee+ankle rotate anteriorly. |
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Term
| What are the three types of foot posture? |
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Definition
Plantigrade (all of food on ground)
Digitigrade (metacarpals on ground, carpals and hell in air)
Unguligrade (toes on ground, the rest of the foot in the air) |
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Term
| What are the swimming adaptaions |
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Definition
| Fins or paddle-like appendages |
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Term
| What is the walking adaptation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the running adaptations? |
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Definition
-Cursorial
-Dorsoventral flexion
- Digitigrade or unguligrade
-Distal elongation of limbs
- loss of clavicle
-may have flexible vertebral column |
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Term
| What are the Digging aptatations? |
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Definition
-fossorial
-short, robust limbs
-long olecranon process
-clavial->strut |
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Term
| What are the jumping adapations? |
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Definition
-elongated hindlimbs
-urostyle
-short backs |
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Term
| What are the two types of jumping? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the flying adaptations? |
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Definition
-Modified forelimbs
-sternal keel
-lighter bones |
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