Term
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Definition
-develops from the dermis
-also known as membranous bone
-dermatocranium, scales, teeth |
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Term
|
Definition
-Cartilage replacement
-Chondrocranium, visceral skeleton, axial and appendicular skeletons (except scapula and coracoid) |
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Term
| where is the CROWN of the tooth |
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Definition
|
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Term
| where is the ROOT of the tooth |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the cusp of the tooth |
|
Definition
-the raised parts
-canines have 1, molars usually have 2 or 4 |
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Term
|
Definition
| hard white substance covering the crown of a tooth |
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Term
|
Definition
| The main, calcareous part of a tooth, beneath the enamel and surrounding the pulp chamber and root canals. |
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Term
| what is the pulp of a tooth? |
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Definition
| The middle of the tooth made up of living connective tissue. Contains nerves. |
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Term
|
Definition
-"same teeth"
-all teeth are similar
-ex: dolphin |
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Term
|
Definition
-"different teeth"
-different types of teeth can be distinguished.
-ex: dog |
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Term
| Where are the Incisors and what are they used for? |
|
Definition
-In the front
-used for securing food |
|
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Term
| where are the canines and what are they used for? |
|
Definition
-behind the incisors
-used for holding and piercing food |
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Term
| Where are the premolars and what are they used for? |
|
Definition
-behind the canines
-Used for crushing food |
|
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Term
| where are the carnassials, what are they used for, and what is special about them? |
|
Definition
-Between the premolars and molars
-used for shearing food
-Specialization of carnivores
-Modified upper premolar 4 and lower molar 1
-Typically triangular or conical
-Usually largest teeth |
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Term
| Where are the molars and what are they used for? |
|
Definition
-Very back of the mouth, behind the premolars/carnassials.
-used for crushing food. |
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Term
| What kind of teeth do Herbivores have? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the two kinds of grinding teeth. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Describe Selenodont teeth |
|
Definition
-Crecent shaped ridges
-used to grind food laterally
-ex: horses, cows, deer |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Elongated ridges that run between labial and lingual sides of the tooth.
-used to grind food anteroposteriorly
-ex: elephants, rodents |
|
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Term
| What are the two types of Herbivores? |
|
Definition
| Artiodactyls and Perissodactyls |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Even toed ungulates
-incisors on lower jaw only
-horny plates on upper jaw
-ex: cows |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Odd-toed ungulates
-incisors on both upper and lower jaws
-ex: horses |
|
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Term
| What kind of teeth do Omnivores have? |
|
Definition
| Molars, canines, and incisors |
|
|
Term
| a Bunodont is what type of animal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe Bonudont dentition |
|
Definition
-cusps are rounded
-entire tooth covered in enamel |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-Cranium "telescopes"
-Nares found on top of the head |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of Amniote Temporal Fenestra |
|
Definition
| Anapsid, diapsid, and synapsid |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-no temporal fenestra
-Ex: turtles |
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Term
|
Definition
-two temporal fenestra
-ex: crocodilians, snakes, and lizards |
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Term
|
Definition
-fusion of two temporal fenestra into one fenestration
-ex: mammals |
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Term
| What trends in the evolution of Cranial Skeletons have been seen? |
|
Definition
-Fusion of bones in the skull.
-Reduction of size of bones in the skull. |
|
|
Term
| What advantages have come from the evolution of Cranial Skeletons? |
|
Definition
-Reduced weight for more active lifestyle
-Results in better predators as well as better escaping from predators. |
|
|
Term
| Name some Evolutionary Developments in the Mammalian Cranium. |
|
Definition
-Temporal fenestration merges with orbit.
-Enlarged cranial cavity for larger brain.
-Loss and fusion of cranial bones.
-Lower jaw composed of one bone (dentary).
-jaw joint: dentary-squamosal.
-heterodont dentition.
-zygomatic arch.
-turbinates.
-3 ear ossicles.
-muscular tongue. |
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