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| The embryonic seed leaves in flowering plants that contain the nutritive tissue derived from the endosperm or embryonic stem. |
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| The triploid nutritive tissue formed as one result of double fertilization in angiosperms or flowering plants. |
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| The portion of an embryo or seedling that lies between the seed leaves (cotyledons) and the radical (embryonic root). |
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| A hydrophilic polysaccharide or sugar found in the cell wall of plants. |
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| Elongated living cells whose primary walls are unevenly thickened with the carbohydrate pectin. |
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| A type of flexible supporting tissue composed of collenchyma cells. |
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| Thin walled cells that function in photosynthesis or storage, and which are capable of division when mature. |
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| A tissue of plants consisting of thin walled living cells that are capable of division when mature, and which compose much of plant bodies. |
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| Tissue composed of sclereids and fibers, both having tough cell walls that resist damage by mechanical stress or attack; occurs in seed coats, nut shells, and the pits of stone fruits such as peaches. |
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| One of the two major groups of flowering plants (angiosperms) that are traditionally recognized. Seedlings typically have one seed leaf or cotyldeon. |
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| Flowering plant with two embryonic leaves. |
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| Buds that occur in the axil of the leaf. |
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| The leaf-like structures that protect developing buds (young shoots). |
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| The shoot of vascular plants; contains vascular tissue and typically produces leaves and reproductive organs; occurs above-ground in most cases, but can include rhizomes and other forms of underground stems. |
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the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants, usually consisting of a flat green blade attached to the stem directly or by a stalk.
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| Tissues that undergo mitosis and thereby generate new primary tissues at the shoot and root apices of plants. |
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| A form of nuclear division in which a set of chromosome copies resulting from DNA replication are distributed to progeny cells. |
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The part of the apical meristem positioned inside in relation to the leaf primordia.
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| One of the three primary meristems produced by the apical meristems of roots and shoots. Procambium gives rise to the vascular tissues. |
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| One of the three primary meristems produced by the apical meristem. Protoderm gives rise to epidermis. |
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| One of the three primary merisetmatic tissues that give rise to the primary tissues. Ground meristem gives rise to the cortex and pith tissues. |
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| A lateral outgrowth from the apical meristem that develops into a leaf. |
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| A strand of conducting vessels in the stem or leaves of a plant, typically with phloem on the outside and xylem on the inside. |
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| The dorsiventral (flattened, with distinct upper and lower surfaces) organs of vascular plants that are specialized for photosynthesis; true leaves contain at least one vein (vascular bundles). |
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| the part of a plant that attaches it to the ground or to a support, typically underground, conveying water and nourishment to the rest of the plant via numerous branches and fibers. |
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| Any of the cells making up the Epidermis. |
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| The outermost, primary tissues of plants; located at the surfaces of leaves and young roots and stems. |
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| Minute pores in leaf and other plant epidermal surfaces, defined by two guard cells that enable pores to open and closein response to changes in environmental conditions. |
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| Vessels for gas exchange. |
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| The specialized epidermal cells that form the boundaries of stomata, the pores in plant surfaces; changes in the water pressure in guard cells cause the pores to open (allowing gas exchange) or close (to retain water within plants). |
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| The organelle or plastid that contains chlorophyll in plants and algae and is the site of photosynthesis. |
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| The stalk that connects a leaf blade to the stem. |
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| Interruptions in the cork layer of bark on woody plants; provide gas exchange for inner stem tissues. |
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| The definition of a terminal bud is the primary growing point at the top of the stem of a plant. |
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| The point on a stem where one or more branches, leaves, or buds are attached. |
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| The space along a stem between nodes (locations of leaf and bud emergence). |
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| A bud scale scar is what is used to determine the age of a stem from a tree. Scars will appear on a stem or twig when a piece of fruit or leaf develops on that stem, then falls off. These scars come from bud scales which develop and cover the terminal bud during the winter season. |
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| A leaf scar is the mark left by a leaf after it falls off. It marks the site where the petiole attached to the stem. A leaf scar is found where a plant branches. |
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| This is the union of male and female to create an embryo; this is what occurs in seeds. |
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| This produces 'daughter plants' or progeny that are genetically identical to the parent plant. Plants do this on their own. It happens when you take a cutting of a plant and adventitious roots develop on the cutting. It can also happen when seeds form in the maternal (female) flower parts that are genetically identical (without any male contribution). This is called apomixis. |
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| You must have at least one node to create a clonal plant. The node contains a bud from which the new shoot will grow for the daughter plant. |
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| A rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose. |
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| An insoluble substance that is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers such as cotton. It is a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers. |
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| A space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid. |
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| The cytoplasm consists of all of the contents outside of the nucleus and enclosed within the cell membrane of a cell. This includes the cytosol and in euckaryotic cells, organelles such as mitochondria and ribosomes. Also located within the cytoplasm is the cytoskeleton, a network of fibers that help the cell maintain its shape and give it support. |
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A compound tissue in vascular plants that helps provide support and that conducts water and nutrients upward from the roots, consisting of tracheids, vessels, parenchyma cells, and woody fibers.
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| The vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves. |
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| Conducting Tissues (ie Xylem and Phloem) |
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| it's tissue that moves the water and sugars around to different parts of the plant. |
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| a plant tissue responsible for growth, whose cells divide and differentiate to form the tissues and organs of the plant. Meristems occur within the stem (see cambium) and leaves and at the tips of stems and roots |
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| The cells of the Schlernchyma. |
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