Term
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Definition
| Nose, Nasal Cavity, Pharynx |
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Term
| Anatomy of Respiratory System |
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Definition
| Nose, Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Primary Bronchi, Secondary Bronchi, Tertiary Bronchi, Bronchioles, Terminal Bronchioles, Alveolar Ducts, Alveolar Sacs |
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Term
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Definition
| Larynx, Trachea, Bronchial Tree, Lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| ciliated epithelium serves to sweep inhaled particles out of the respiratory tract into the pharynx |
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Term
| 4 Major Components of Respiratory Membrane |
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Definition
1.Pulmonary Surfactant
2.Alveolar Epithelium consisting of squamous epithelial cells on their on basement membrane
3.Thin interstitial space between the alveolar epithelium and the pulmonary capillary
4.Vascular Endothelial Cells of the capillary wall which may fuse with alveolar epithelial basement membrane |
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Term
| What can be measured with a spirometer? |
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Definition
1.Tidal Volume
2.Inspiratory Reserve Volume
3.Expiratory Reserve Volume
4.Vital capacity
5.Inspiratory Capacity |
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Term
| What cannot be measured with spirometer? |
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Definition
1.Residual Volume
2.Functional residual capacity |
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Term
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Definition
| volume of air moved in or out of the lungs during quiet breathing |
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Term
| Inspiratory Reserve Volume |
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Definition
| Volume of Air a person is capable of inhaling after normal inspiration |
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Term
| Expiratory Reserve Volume |
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Definition
| Volume of Air a person is capable of exhaling after normal expiration |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (RV) volume of air remaining in the lungs after a person has exhaled as much as possible |
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Term
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Definition
| (TLC) is vital capcacity plus residual volume |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal expiration |
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Term
| Functional Residual capacity |
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Definition
| volume of air in lungs after a normal expiration |
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Term
| What determines elasticity of the lungs? |
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Definition
1.Amount of cartilage usually decreases/disappears in bronchioles
2.Walls of bronchi acquire layer of smooth muscle and connective tissue that is rich in elastic fibers. |
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Term
| What cells secrete pulmonary surfactant? |
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Definition
| Type 2 Alveolar Epithelial Cells |
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Term
| Composition of Pulmonary Surfactants and what does it do? |
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Definition
Proteins (90%)
Lipids (10%)
Helps decrease surface tension so alveoli can inflate |
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Term
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Definition
1.Abdominal Wall Muscles contract during coughing, vomitting, pooping
*Contract= raise pressure in abdominal cavity, pushing diaphragm up into thoracic cavity
2.Internal Intercostals: muscles act in opposite way to the external intercostals. Ribs are pulled downwards, backwards, and inwards |
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Term
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Definition
1.Diaphragm innervated by phrenic nerves that originate in the cervical plexuses. CONTRACTS by moving downwards and enlarges volume of the thoracic cavity
2.External Intercostal Muscles: contraction pulls ribs upwards, forwards and outwards
3.Accessory Muscles: Contract during exercise such as scalene muscles of neck and the sternocleidomastoideus. |
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Term
| Function of Chemoreceptors |
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Definition
| Monitor Carbon Dioxide, pH, and oxygen levels of the arterial blood. Occur centrally in medulla where they respond to pH and peripherally in small bodies associated with carotid artery and aorta, where they respond mainly to changes in partial pressure of oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
Central Controller---> Effector Muscles---->
Sensors |
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Term
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Definition
| respond to fall of pH of the brain extracellular fluid bathing them when blood CO2 rises |
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Term
| peripheral chemoreceptors |
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Definition
| low arterial partial pressure of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
reversible disease caused by allergic reaction to allergens in the air.
-cells lining respiratory tract secrete an excessive amount of mucus which obstructs the airway
-bronchi and bronchioles, decrease their diameter (smooth muscle constricts) |
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Term
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Definition
| elastic tissue of alveoli replaced with connective tissue. Alveoli remain inflated and expiration is difficult which creates lower concentration of oxygen in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| alveoli become infected and inflamed and fill with fluid and dead white blood cells. Oxygen has hard time diffusing from lung to capillaries surrounding an alveolus |
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Term
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Definition
| uncontrolled cell proliferation of cells lining the respiratory passages; damage cilia too. goblet cells secrete excess mucus. |
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Term
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Definition
Less than 80 percent
Asthma, Bronchitis, Emphysema,(COPD) |
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Term
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Definition
More than 80 percent
-Mucus membrane infected (Pulmonary Fibrosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| forms sidewalls of the larynx as well as the adam's apple |
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Term
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Definition
| inferior to thyroid cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| volume of air moved in or out of the lungs during quiet breathing (500mL) |
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Term
| Inspiratory Reserve Volume |
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Definition
| volume of air that can be inhaled past a normal inspiration (3000mL) |
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Term
| Expiratory Reserve Volume |
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Definition
| volume of air that can be exhaled past a normal expiration (1100mL) |
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Term
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Definition
| volume of air that remains in lungs at all times (1200mL) |
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Term
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Definition
| TV + IRV amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal expiration |
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Term
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Definition
(TV + IRV + ERV) or (TLC-RV)
amount of air that can be exhaled after max inhalation (4600mL) |
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Term
| Functional Residual Capacity |
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Definition
| ERV + RV; volume of gas in lung after normal expiration (2300mL) |
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Term
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Definition
| VC+RV; total volume of air the lungs can hold (5800-6000mL) |
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Term
| Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) |
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Definition
| volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled in one second. (80% of FVC) |
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Term
| Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) |
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Definition
| maximum amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after max inhalation |
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Term
| peripheral chemoreceptors associated with |
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Definition
| carotid artery and aorta where they respond to changes in pO2 |
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Term
| medullary chemoreceptors montiors |
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Definition
| decrease in PH and increase in Carbon Dioxide |
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Term
| nasal cavity and nasopharynx house |
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Definition
| pseudostratified ciliated columnar (contains goblet cells) |
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Term
| oropharynx and laryngopharynx |
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Definition
| striated squamous epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
above vocal cords: stratified squamous
below vocal cords: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
| pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
| simple cuboidal epithelium |
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