Term
| Which organisms can automize their arms and which clade are they in? |
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Definition
| Brittle stars are in Ophiuroidea. |
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Term
Which organism has pinnules and what clade is it in?
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Definition
| Feather stars and Sea Lillies are in clade Crinoidea |
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Term
| What is Carapus? Where does it live and what does it eat? |
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Definition
| The Carapus fish lives in Sea Cucumbers, nibbling on them. It can slide in the cloaca backwards because it has no scales or pectoral fins. |
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Term
| What's a keystone species? |
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Definition
| One that affects the community structure even if they only occur in small quantities. The Pisaster sea star is a Keystone species because it eats the mussels. This will increase diversity by decreasing competitive exclusion by the Mussels. |
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Term
| How do nutrients get to the "arms" of Asteroideans? |
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Definition
| Pyloric Cecae extend from the stomach to the arms. |
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Term
| What is Aristotle's Lantern function and where might we find it? |
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Definition
| A's Lantern is found in Echinoideans and possibly Holothuroideans. It is the "jaws" that break up food. |
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Term
| What are bursal slits and who has them? |
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Definition
| Slits for excretion and respiration. Lead to Bursae (sacs). Found in Ophiroideans - brittle and basket stars. |
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Term
| How does a Urochordate feed? |
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Definition
| Water and food are pumped into the incurrent siphon. The food is trapped in the pharynx to be passed to the stomach and out the anus, while the extra water is passed through pharyngeal slits to enter the atrium and then passes out the excurrent siphon. |
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Term
| Do Brittle stars and Basket stars have pyloric cecae extending into their arms? Why? |
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Definition
| NO. They can automize their arms..break them off and regrow them. So instead of losing nutriets and organs in the arms they are kept in the central disk. The arms instead have Vertebrae. |
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Term
| Difference between Feather stars and Sea Lilies. |
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Definition
Feather stars are mobile, but they still have cirri to attack with.
Sea Lilies are sesile with stalks. |
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Term
| Synapomorphies of Echinoderms: |
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Definition
| 5 part symmetry, Pedicellaria, Open water vascular system with a madreporite opening, Ossicles, spiny skin. |
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Term
| Where is the oral sufaces for sea lilies and feather stars? |
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Definition
| They keep the oral surface face up. |
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Term
| clade of Sea Lilies and feather Star |
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Definition
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Term
| Feather stars use feet-like _____ to hold onto the reef. |
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Definition
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Term
| [image]
What is this? what is this use for? |
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Definition
Pinnule on feather stars.
Filter feeding. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The feeding way of sea stars |
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Definition
| They pull out the stomach. |
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Term
| What are three synapomorphies of the Echinoderms? |
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Definition
a) 5 part radial symmetry, b) water vascular system,
c) dermal ossicles |
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Term
| What are the 5 main daughter clades of Echinodermata? |
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Definition
| Asteroidea, Crinoidea, Echinoideda, Holothuroidea, Ophiuroidea |
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Term
| Basket stars and Brittle stars belong to what clade? |
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Definition
| Echinodermata: Ophuiroidea |
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Term
| 4 features of the Chordata |
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Definition
| Dorsal hollow nerve chord, notochord to stiffen it, pharyngeal slits (for feeding and respiring), and post-anal tail |
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Term
| Briefly describe the development of a tunicate. |
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Definition
| Free swimming tadpole larvae that will lose its notochord. The nerve chord also condenses into a ganglion. Now it is a sessile filter feeder. |
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Term
| 3 daughter clades of Urochordata |
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Definition
| Tunicates (Ascidians), Salps, Larvaceans |
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Term
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Definition
| The "base" that joins colonial tunicates. |
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Term
| Who belong to Cephalachordates? |
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Definition
| Lancelets (Amphioxus): sand dwelling filter feeders w/segmented muscles. |
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Term
| What Hox gene helps determines the presence of Chordate characteristics? |
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Definition
| Manx. Determines development of notochord, nerve cord, tail muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tunicates: clade Urochordata |
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Term
| What are the 3 main differences between Protostomes and Deuterostomes? |
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Definition
| 1) Blastopore forms anus first. 2) blastula forms w/radial symmetry. 3)mesoderm forms from endoderm invagination. |
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Term
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Definition
| they are small poisonous jaws that protect the surface of echinoderms |
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Term
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Definition
- Dorsal Hollow Nerve Chord
- Notochord
- Post-anal Tail
- pharyngeal slits |
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Term
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Definition
| they are gastrovacular extensions in the stomach of echinoderms |
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Term
| what is cortical reaction |
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Definition
| its where cortical granules are released into vitelline layer plasma membrane boundary, separating the 2 layers and making the egg sperm-proof |
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Term
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Definition
| they are calcareous plates that covers the body of echinoderms |
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Term
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Definition
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