Term
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Definition
| Organism has 3 tissues layers. The mesoderm replaces the mesoglea. A synapomorphy of Bilateria. |
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Term
| Explain diploblastic Radiata |
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Definition
| invagination produced two tissue layers with an acellular middle layer of mesoglea |
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Term
| Clade Platyhelminthes are called ________ since they lack a _________. |
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Definition
| Clade Platyhelminthes are called "acoelomates" since they lack a body cavity. |
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Term
| What are three Bilaterian clades? |
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Definition
| Platyhelminthes, Nematomorpha, Rotifera[image] |
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Term
| In Protostomes the blastopore forms the ------. |
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Definition
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Term
| The two Protostome clades are ... |
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Definition
| Ecdysozoa & Lophotrochozoa |
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Term
| Characteristics of Ecdysozoa |
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Definition
| molt a chitinous exoskeleton |
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Term
| Characteristics of Lophotrochozoa |
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Definition
| looser grouping of animals that may have trochophore larvae or filter feed with a lophophore |
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Term
| Characteristics of Rotifera |
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Definition
| Freshwater (few are marine). Filter feeder w/ cilia to create water currents to bring the food particles to mouth. watch video of their toe action. |
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Term
| How do Planarians excrete DIGESTED food? How about UNDIGESTED food? |
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Definition
| Digested: Nitrogenous wastes enter the Flame Cell where they flow down the tubules and out the Nephridiopores Undigested: same way it went in-the pharynx |
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Term
| What clade are Tapeworms in? How and where do they attach themselves? How do they reproduce? |
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Definition
| Clade Cestoda Attach to intestine w/ scolex; reproduce using proglottids. Hermaphrodites |
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Term
| What do tapeworms and spiny headed worms have in common? What are these similarities an example of? |
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Definition
| 1)They both lack mouth and anus so they must absorb nutrients through skin. 2)Both have synctial tegument and are anaerobic. This is an example of convergent evolution. These are homologous not analagous traits. |
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Term
| Name 3 adaptations of gut parasites |
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Definition
| 1) anaerobic metabolism 2) glycocalyx (protects them from immune system) 3) syncytial tegument (no plasma membrane) |
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Term
| What's special about Bdelloid Rotifers? |
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Definition
| Some species are all female and parthenogenetic. Others are facultatively parthenogenetic. (They reproduce asexually until their environment deteriorates, and then they reproduce sexually) They are also known for their ability to enter a state of suspended animation called cryptobiosis to survive drying out. |
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Term
| Facultatively Parthenogenetic |
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Definition
| They can reproduce sexually when their enviroment deteriorates. |
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Term
| What is the clade of Planarians? How do they feed? |
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Definition
| 1)Turbellaria 2)They smell for food w/ 2 ear-like projections. |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of bdelloids to survive drying by entering a state of suspended animation. |
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Term
| The soil nematode C. elegans reveal what 2 principles of development (i.e fates of cells) |
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Definition
| Apoptosis Induction: anchor cell releases chemical signal to epidermal cells. These in turn release their own signal (INDUCER). this is called Sequential Induction. The concentration of inducer released also affects the fate of cell. |
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Term
| Circulatory and Lymphatic system nematodes are which kind of worms? Gut and muscle nematodes are what? |
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Definition
| Circ. and Lymph are filarial worms (elephantiasis and Loa Loa) Gut and muscle are Ascarid parasites (Round worm and pinworm) These are from clade Nematode |
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Term
| How do spiny headed worms reproduce? |
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Definition
| Cement gland glues shut the gonoducts of females, and male rivals. (Convergence: Cephalopods use hectocotylus arm which detaches in female) |
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Term
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Definition
| Sucked up with Pharynx[image] |
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Term
| Define (w/ example) hermaphroditic? |
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Definition
| Having both male and female sets of gametes. EX Planarians (flatworm) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cavity where food is digested and circulated throughout body. |
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Term
| Name 2 clades lacking both mouth & anus, who absorb nutrients through thier skin. |
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Definition
| Tapeworm and spiny headworm |
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Term
| Clade of chinese liver fluke |
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Definition
| Platyhelminthian trematoda[image] |
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Term
| [image] what clade is this. |
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Definition
| Platyhelminthia: Cestoidea |
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Term
| Draw the tapeworm life cycle. |
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Definition
| A mosquito bites a tapeworm-laden dogwhose blood contains tapeworm larvae. That mosquito then bites your dog, transmitting the larvae. The larvae develop into adult tapeworms in your dog’s intestines. Their eggs hatch and burrow through the dog’s gut lining into its bloodstream, where another mosquito carries them off to a new dog. Grebes are a definitive host for tapeworms. Their millions of eggs fall into the ocean when the birds defecate. Zooplankton become infected with them, and then fish that eat the zooplankton are the 2° host. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is glycocalyx. What kind of parasite have this? |
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Definition
| 1) protects from digestive enzymes by binding them to parasites surface 2) Gut parasite |
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Term
| What kind of metabolism do tapeworms & other gut parasites have, and why? |
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Definition
| anaerobic metabolisms, because their environment is anoxic. |
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Term
| [image] What is the clade? |
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Definition
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Term
| [image] what clade is this? |
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Definition
| Acanthocephala spiny headed worm |
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Term
| What is an anchor cell? what organism have this cells? |
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Definition
| C. elegans larvae have cell releases a chemical signal causing nearby epidermal cells to change from vulva precursor cells into vulva. |
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Term
| What clade causes heartworm? |
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Definition
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Term
| The clade Elephantiasis is ...? What is the characteristic of Elephantiasis? |
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Definition
| Nematoda Worms clog the lymphatic vessels of appendages. Due to ensuing lymphatic fluid buildup, fibrous tissues build up. |
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Term
| What clade is Loa loa? How do you get them? |
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Definition
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Term
| What clade is roundworm? What clade is pinworm? Where do they live? |
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Definition
Nematoda
Nematoda
Digestive system |
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Term
| What is Trichinosis? What is the clade? |
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Definition
| eating undercooked pork or bear whose muscle tissue contains encysted nematodes who then become active in your body. They penetrate the digestive tract and enter the circulatory and lymphatic systems to lodge in the major body muscles, especially the diaphragm Nematode |
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Term
| [image] What clade is this? What family is this? |
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Definition
| clade Platyhelminthes planarians |
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