Term
| Pp. 23-24: ________ and _____ are examples of languages that allow for DISCONTINUOUS constituents. |
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Definition
| Pp. 23-24: WARLPIRI (Simpson and Bresnan 1983) and LATIN (Matthews 1981) are examples of languages that allow for ____________ constituents. |
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Term
| Pp. 54-55: _______ and _____ are examples of languages with IMPERSONAL passives (with NO SUBJECT). |
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Definition
| Pp. 54-55: FINNISH and LATIN (both from Comrie 1977) are examples of languages with _________ passives (using what kind of subject?). |
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Term
| P. 55: ______ is an example of a language with IMPERSONAL PASSIVES (with a DUMMY SUBJECT). |
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Definition
| P. 55: GERMAN (Comrie 1977) is an example of a language with __________ passives (using what kind of subject?). |
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Term
| P. 56: Several Southeast Asian languages such as __________ demonstrate ADVERSATIVE passives. |
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Definition
| P. 56: Several Southeast Asian languages such as VIETNAMESE (Keenan 1985a) demonstrate _____________ passives. |
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Term
| P. 64: -ir~-er in ________ is an example of an APPLICATIVE affix. |
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Definition
| P. 64: -ir~-er in CHICHEWA (Baker 1988) is an example of an ___________ affix. |
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Term
| P. 97: "swa-" in ________, "casin" in ______, "ziji" in _______, and "sig" in _________ are examples of LONG-DISTANCE REFLEXIVES (reflexive pronouns which can take antecedents outside their minimal clauses). |
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Definition
| P. 97: "swa-" in MALAYALAM (Mohanan 1982); "casin" in KOREAN, "ziji" in CHINESE, and "sig" in ICELANDIC (Cole & Sung 1994) are examples of ____-________ reflexives. |
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Term
| P. 142: ________ is an example of a language in which sentence TOPIC is primarily identified on the basis of WORD ORDER. |
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Definition
| P. 142: MANDARIN (Li and Thompson 1976, 1981) is an example of a language in which sentence _____ is primarily identified on the basis of ____ _____. |
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Term
| P. 150: The "wa" particle in ________ is used to mark sentence TOPIC. |
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Definition
| P. 150: The "wa" particle in JAPANESE (Kuno 1972, 1973 and Makino 1982) is used to mark sentence _____. |
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Term
| P. 154: The clitics "=lah" (declarative and imperative) and "=kah" (interrogative) in __________ as well as "-li" (interrogative) in _______ mark sentence FOCUS. |
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Definition
| P. 154: The clitics "=lah" (declarative and imperative) and "=kah" (interrogative) in INDONESIAN (Sneddon 1996, MacDonald 1976) as well as "-li" (interrogative) in RUSSIAN (King 1995) mark sentence _____. |
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Term
| P. 181: _______ is an example of a language that can relativize only on subjects. |
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Definition
| P. 181: TAGALOG (Schachter 1976) fits where on the hierarchy of accessibility for relativization? |
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Term
| P. 182: Bantu languages such as ______ allow relativization of subjects and objects. |
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Definition
| P. 182: Bantu languages such as LUGANDA (Keenan 1985b) fit where on the hierarchy of accessibility for relativization? |
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Term
| P. 183: Comrie's (1981) Generalization 1 states that "If a language can form relative clauses on a given position on the accessibility hierarchy, then it can also form relative clauses on all positions higher (to the left) on the hierarchy." However, _____ and a number of other languages of _______ __________ are exceptions to this, in that they allow relativization of subjects and possessors, but not of objects and obliques. |
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Definition
| P. 183: Comrie's (1981) Generalization 1 states that "If a language can form relative clauses on a given position on the accessibility hierarchy, then it can also form relative clauses on all positions higher (to the left) on the hierarchy." However, Keenan and Comrie (1979) and Comrie (1981) point out that MALAY and a number of other languages of WESTERN INDONESIA are exceptions to this, in that they allow relativization of subjects and __________, but not of _______ and ________. |
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Term
| P. 194: _______, _________, and _______ are examples of languages with a morphological CAUSATIVE. |
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Definition
| P. 194: TURKISH (Aissen 1974), MALAYALAM (Mohanan 1982), and SWAHILI (Comrie 1976) are examples of languages with a morphological _________. |
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Term
| P. 226: SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTIONS seem to be characteristic of certain linguistic areas and families. Name some of them. |
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Definition
| P. 226: ______ ____ ___________ seem to be characteristic of certain linguistic areas and families, including the languages of WESTERN AFRICA, MAINLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA, and many PIDGIN AND CREOLE LANGUAGES. |
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Term
| P. 227: A very common use of the SERIAL VERB PATTERN is to add an additional argument such as an instrument, as in the ____ language of Nigeria or the ______ language of Suriname. |
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Definition
| P. 227: A very common use of the ______ ____ _______ is to add an additional argument such as an instrument, as in the NUPE language of Nigeria (Hyman 1975) or the SRANAN language of Suriname (Sebba 1987). |
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Term
| P. 227: A very common use of the SERIAL VERB PATTERN is to add an additional argument such as a beneficiary, as in the ______ language of Suriname or the ____ language of the Ivory Coast. |
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Definition
| P. 227: A very common use of the ______ ____ _______ is to add an additional argument such as a beneficiary, as in the SRANAN language of Suriname (Sebba 1987) or the ANYI language of the Ivory Coast (Van Leynseele 1975). |
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Term
| P. 227: A very common function of the SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTION is to express the goal or direction of motion, as in the ______ language of Cambodia, the ______ language of West Africa, and the __________ language of Suriname. |
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Definition
| P. 227: A very common function of the ______ ____ ___________ is to express the goal or direction of motion, as in the KHMER language of Cambodia (Schiller 1990), the YORUBA language of West Africa (Stahlke 1970), the SARAMACCAN language of Suriname (Byrne 1987). |
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Term
| P. 227: A very common use of the SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTION is to express the result or extent of an action, as in the ______ language of Suriname, the _______ language of Papua New Guinea, the ______ language of West Africa, and the ______ language of Southeast Asia. |
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Definition
| P. 227: A very common use of the ______ ____ __________ is to express the result or extent of an action, as in the SRANAN language of Suriname (Sebba 1987), the TOK PISIN language of Papua New Guinea, the YORUBA language of West Africa (Bamgbose 1974), and the WHITE HMONG language of Southeast Asia (Jarkey 1991). |
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Term
| P. 228: SERIAL VERBS are often used to express completive aspect, as in the __________ language of Suriname. |
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Definition
| P. 228: ______ ____ are often used to express completive aspect, as in the SARAMACCAN language of Suriname (Seuren 1990). |
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Term
| P. 228: The _____ language of West Africa uses SERIAL VERBS for a variety of aspectual uses, such as continuous, habitual, or repetitive; these often involve verbs which denote bodily movements or postures. |
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Definition
| P. 228: The YATYE language of West Africa (Stahlke 1970) uses ____________ for a variety of aspectual uses, such as continuous, habitual, or repetitive; these often involve verbs which denote bodily movements or postures. |
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Term
| P. 228: A common use of SERIAL VERBS is to express purpose, as in the _____ language of Vietnam. |
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Definition
| P. 228: A common use of ______ ______ is to express purpose, as in the CHRAU language of Vietnam (Thomas 1971). |
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Term
| P. 228: A common use of SERIAL VERBS is to express manner, as in the ______ language of West Africa. |
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Definition
| P. 228: A common use of ______ _____ is to express manner, as in the YORUBA language of West Africa (Stahlke 1970). |
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Term
| P. 228: Specific combinations of SERIAL VERBS often take on idiomatic meanings, as in the ____, ______, and ______ languages of West Africa. |
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Definition
| P. 228: Specific combinations of ______ _____ often take on idiomatic meanings, as in the AKAN (Schachter 1974), YORUBA (Baker 1989), and VAGALA (Pike 1966) languages of West Africa. |
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Term
| P. 258: Prepositions in ______ are lexically specified for the CASE taken by their OBJECTS. |
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Definition
| P. 258: Prepositions in GERMAN are lexically specified for _____. |
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Term
| P. 259: Certain transitive verbs in ______ are lexically specified for the CASE taken by their OBJECTS. |
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Definition
| P. 259: Certain transitive verbs in GERMAN are lexically specified for _____. |
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Term
| P. 260: Certain transitive verbs in _________ are lexically specified for the CASE taken by their SUBJECTS. |
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Definition
| P. 260: Certain transitive verbs in ICELANDIC (Andrews 1982) are lexically specified for _____. |
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Term
| P. 269: In many South Asian languages such as ________ and _____, direct objects take accusative case only if they are animate. Inanimate objects remain unmarked (i.e., appear in the nominative form). |
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Definition
| P. 269: In many South Asian languages such as MALAYALAM (Mohanan 1982) and HINDI (Mohanan 1994), direct objects take accusative case only if they are ________. |
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Term
| P. 270: A very common type of DATIVE SUBJECT CONSTRUCTION involves experiencer verbs or "psych verbs"; that is, predicates which express some mental, emotional, or perceptual state. Examples of this are given from _____, ________, and _____. |
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Definition
| P. 270: A very common type of ______ ________ ___________ involves experiencer verbs or "psych verbs"; that is, predicates which express some mental, emotional, or perceptual state. Examples of this are given from TAMIL (Asher 1985), MALAYALAM (Mohanan 1982), and HINDI (Mohanan 1994). |
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Term
| P. 271: A common use of the DATIVE SUBJECT CONSTRUCTION is to express possession, as in _____, _______, and _________. |
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Definition
| P. 271: A common use of the ______ _______ ____________ is to express possession, as in TAMIL (Kome & Hoshino), KANNADA (Sridhar 1979), and MALAYALAM (Mohanan and Mohanan 1990). |
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Term
| P. 272: In some languages such as _________, _______, and ______, the choice between dative and nominative case on the subject corresponds with a contrast between volitional and non-volitional events or states. |
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Definition
| P. 272: In some languages such as MALAYALAM (Mohanan and Mohanan 1990), KANNADA (Sridhar 1979), and HINDI (Mohanan 1994), the choice between ______ and ___________ case on the subject corresponds with a contrast between volitional and non-volitional events or states. |
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Term
| P. 272: In ________, modal suffixes expressing permission and desire require that the subject take DATIVE case. |
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Definition
| P. 272: In MALAYALAM (Mohanan 1982), modal suffixes expressing permission and desire require that the subject take ______ case. |
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Term
| P. 273: In _____, periphrastic constructions which express permission and desire require that the subject take DATIVE case. |
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Definition
| P. 273: In HINDI (Mohanan 1994), periphrastic constructions which express permission and desire require that the subject take _____ case. |
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