Term
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Definition
| a substance that releases hydrogen ions in solution |
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Term
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Definition
| a condtion that occurs with increases in blood carbonic acid or with decreases in blood bicarboncate; blood ph below 7.35 |
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Definition
| movement of substances across cell membranes against the concentration gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| specific antibodies formed in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that acts as an antigen and stimulates the production of agglutinins. |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition that occurs with increases in blood bicarbonate or decreases in blood carbonic acid; blood ph above 7.45 |
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Term
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Definition
| ions that carry a negative charge; includes clorine, bicarbonate, phosphate, and sulfate |
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Term
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Definition
| immunoglobulins, part of the body's plasma proteins, defend primarily against the extracellular phases of bacterial and viral infections |
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Term
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Definition
| have low hydrogen ion concentration and can accept hydrogen ions in solution |
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Term
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Definition
| prevent excessive changes in pH by removing or releasing hydrogen ions |
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Term
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Definition
| ions that carry a positive charge; includes sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium |
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Term
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Definition
| catheter that is usually inserted into the subclavian or jugular vein, with the distal tip of the catheter resting in the superior vena cava just above the right atrium |
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Term
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Definition
| a pulling force exerted by colloids that help maintain the water content of blood |
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Term
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Definition
| substances such as large protein molecules that do not readily dissolve into true solutions |
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Term
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Definition
| defense mechanism in which a person substitutes an activity for one that he or she would prefer doing or cannot do |
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Term
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Definition
| salts that dissolve readily into true solutions |
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Term
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Definition
| insufficient fluid in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| the mixing of molecules or ions of two or more substances as a result of random motion |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of drops that equal 1 mL as specified on the package of IV tubing |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical substances that develop an electric charge and are able to conduct an electric current when placed in water; ions |
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Term
| Extracellular fluid (ECF) |
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Definition
| fluid found outside the body cells |
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Term
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Definition
| process whereby fluid and solutes move together across a membrane from one compartment to another |
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Term
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Definition
| the pressure in a compartment that results in the movement of fluid and substances dissolved in fluid out of the compartment |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of both water and electrolytes in similar proportions from the extracellular fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| retention of both water and sodium in similar proportions to normal extracellular fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| the proportion of red blood cells to the total blood volume |
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Term
| Hemolytic transfusion reaction |
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Definition
| destruction of red blood cells as a result of transfusion of incompatible blood |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency of the body to maintain a state of balance or equilibrium while continually changing; a mechanism in which deviations from normal are sensed and counteracted |
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Term
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Definition
| the pressure a liquid exerts on the sides of the container that holds it; also called filtration force |
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Term
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Definition
| an excess of calcium in the blood plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| an excess of chloride in the blood plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| an excess of potassium in the blood plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| an excess of magnesium in the blood plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| an excess of sodium in the blood plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| an excess of phosphate in the blood plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| solutions that have a higher osmolality than body fluids |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| deficiency of calcium in the blood plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| deficiency of chloride in the blood plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| deficiency of potassium in the blood plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| deficiency of magnesium in the blood plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| deficiency of sodium in the blood plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| deficiency of phosphate in blood plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| solutions that have a lower osmolality than body fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormal reduction in blood volume |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when the tip of the IV is outside the vein and the fluid is entering the tissues instead; manifested by local swelling, coolness, pallor, and discomfort at the IV site. |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid loss that is not perceptible to the individual |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid that surrounds the cells, includes lymph |
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Term
| Intracellular fluid (ICF) |
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Definition
| fluid found within the body cells, also called cellular fluid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| atoms or group of atoms that carry a positive or negative electric charge; electrolytes |
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Term
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Definition
| solutions that have the same osmolality as body fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition characterized by a deficiency of bicarbonate ions in the body in relation to the amount of carbonic acid in the body; the pH falls to less than 7.35 |
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Term
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Definition
| a condtion characterized by an excess of bicarbonate ions in the body in relation to the amount of carbonic acid in the body; the pH rises to greater than 7.45 |
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Term
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Definition
| one-thousandth of an equivalent, which is the chemical combining power of a substance. |
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Term
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Definition
| essential fluid losses required to maintain body functioning |
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Term
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Definition
| see Colloid osmotic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| the concentration of solutes in body fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser solute concentration to one of greater solute concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure exerted by the number of nondiffusible particles in a solution; the amount of pressure needed to stop the flow of water across a membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when water is gained in excess of electrolytes, resulting in low serum osmolality and low serum sodium levels, also known as hypo-osmolar imbalance or water intoxication |
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Term
| Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) |
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Definition
| a long venous catheter inserted in an arm vein and extending into the distal third of the superior vena cava |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of the relative alkalinity or acidity of a solution; a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions |
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Term
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Definition
| edema in which firm fingers pressure on the skin produces an indentation (pit) that remains for several seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| the fluid portion of the blood in which the blood cells are suspended |
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Term
| Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system |
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Definition
| system initiated by specialized receptors in the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney nephrons that respond to changes in renal perfusion |
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Term
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Definition
| a state of excess carbon dioxide in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| a state of excessive loss of carbon dioxide from the body |
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Term
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Definition
| cell membranes that allow substances to move across them with varying degrees of ease |
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Term
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Definition
| substances dissolved in a liquid |
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Term
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Definition
| the liquid in which a solute is dissolved |
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Term
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Definition
| the weight or degree of concentration of a substance compared with that of an equal volume of another, such as distilled water, taken as a standard |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid shifts from the vascular space into an area where it is not readily accessible as extracellular fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| compartment of extracellular fluids; includes cerebrospinal, pericardial, pancreatic, pleural, intraocular, biliary, peritoneal, and synovial fluids |
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Term
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Definition
| used to increase the blood volume following severe loss of blood, or loss of plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance capable of inducing the formation of antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| specimen of arterial blood that assesses oxygenation, ventilation, and acid-base status |
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Term
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Definition
| any medication or fluid with the potential for causing blisters, severe tissue injury, or necrosis if it escapes from the vein. |
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