Ribs 3-9 (without 1 or 2 in it). They have:

• Head w/ 2 facets
• neck
• tubercle: articulate and non-articulate part.
• body

Atypical ribs- 1,2, 10,11,and 12 (ribs with number 1 or 2 in it)

• 1st rib:single facet-T1 only.
• 2nd rib:Tuberosity for serratus anterior
• 10th rib: Single facet- T 10 only.
• 11th and 12th rib: short, single facet

Ribs 1-7

attach directly to sternum through own costal cartilage.

Ribs 8-10

vetebrochondral ribs

No sternal connection

rib 1: slope anterior inferiorly.

manubrium: at lvl of T3-T4, 1st rib attachment

Sternum: at lvl of T5-T9

Xiphoid Process: At lvl of T10, 7th rib attachment

reinforce costovertebral joints

several components:

1. interosseus ligaments
2. radiate ligaments

stabilize constotransverse joint (ribs to transverse process of vertebrae)

• interosseous costotransverse ligament
• posterior costotransverse ligament
• superior constotransverse ligament

Diaphram

external/internal intercostal

levator costarum

sternocleidomastoid

scalenes

pectoralis major/minor

serratus anterior/posterior superior

lliocostalis

latissimus dorsi

elastic recoil of diaphram

internal intercostal

sternocostalis

external/internal oblique

rectus abdominis

serratus posterior inferior

transversus abdominus

lliocostalis (lower fibers)

longissimus (lower fibers)

pyramidalis

subcostalis

latissimus dorsi

innervate by c3-5

contraction pull dome inferiorly

primary:

• external intercostal: infero-lateral orientation, intercostal n innvervation, elevate rib
• internal intercostal(interchondral part): infero-medial orientation, intercostal n innvervation, elevate rib
• Levator Costarum: infero-lateral orientation, posterior primary rami C8-11. elevate rib

accessory:

• sternocleidomastoid: manubrium/clavical-->superior nuchal line
• anterior scalene: C3-C6-->rib 1
• Middle Scalene: C2-6--> rib 1
• Posterior Scalene: C4-6--> rib 2

• elastic recoil
• internal intercostal (interosseous part)
• sternocostalis

Thoracic cage motion

what determine the axis for rib motion?

• axis for rib motion determined by orientation of costovertebral and costotransverse joints.
• angle of axis with respect to sagittal plane determine rib motion.

Lower rib: 35 degree to sagital plane

Upper rib: 55 degree to sagital plane

where does pump handle motion occur in rib motion?

Where does buckle handle motion occur?

Pump handle: Prominent in rib 1-3, changes A-P diameter of rib

Bucket handle: prominent in rib 8-10, changes transverse diameter of rib

motion for rib 11 and 12

change both A-P and transverse diameter of rib cage

• upper rib move superiorly
• lower rib move laterally
• rib 11 and 12th move posteriorly and inferiorly

• upper rib move inferiorly
• lower rib move medially
• rib 11 and 12th move anteriorly and superiorly

this is exhalation restriction, one of the rib stuck exhaled,

the BOTTOM rib is the KEY rib

this is inhalation restriction, one side stucked inhalated,

the TOP rib is the KEY rib