Term
| What are the four classes of information in cognitive hierarchy? |
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Definition
| Data, Information, Knowledge, Understanding. |
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Term
| What must you do to data for it to become meaningful to the end user? |
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Definition
| It must be processed and organized. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to describe how the data is structured using a prescribed syntax and to associate the data with semantics. |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of learning of integrating from various pieces of information. |
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Term
| What is the objective of transparency? |
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Definition
| To ensure that the process of transforming data into information used for decision making is traceable, auditable and demonstrably proven, and making it authoritative (trustable). |
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Term
| Content delivery services deliver information assets to end users. These services can be of two types, what are they? |
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Definition
| Core data services and aggregation services. |
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Term
| What does Services Oriented Enterprise provide? |
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Definition
| It provides a means of achieving IT agility and flexibility to support rapidly evolving mission processes and changing goals and objectives. |
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Term
| How are data elements obtained? |
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Definition
| From data models and represent DOD data requirements. |
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Term
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Definition
| A standard is defined as something that is measurable and repeatable. |
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Term
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Definition
| A specialized format for organizing and storing data. |
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Term
| How are data structures organized? |
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Definition
| They are organized with the capability to request or query only the information necessary to fulfill a requirement. |
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Term
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Definition
| The structured description of the records is known as a schema. |
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Term
| What are physical data structures concerned with? |
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Definition
| How data resides in a database. |
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Term
| Explain the difference between using linked and sequential lists. |
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Definition
| Linked lists use pointers to identify the order of items; sequential lists use the natural order of items. |
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Term
| What do logical data structures allow users to do? |
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Definition
| View stored data in the database |
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Term
| How do tables and views differ? |
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Definition
| A database table is a set of data elements (values) that is organized using a model of horizontal rows and vertical columns. Views are also relational tables, but their data is calculated at query time. |
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Term
| Define the following parts of a hierarchical data structure: Parent node. |
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Definition
| The node on the top end of a branch. |
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Term
| Define the following parts of a hierarchical data structure: Child node |
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Definition
| The node on the bottom of the branch. |
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Term
| Define the following parts of a hierarchical data structure: Root node. |
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Definition
| A special type of parent node; the top of a hierarchical tree. |
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Term
| What is special about having a network data structure? |
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Definition
| The relationship from child-to-parent and the relationship from parent-to-child can be one too many. |
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Term
| What must you ensure before installing any software product on an operational Air Force computer? |
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Definition
| That local security officials have certified that appropriate actions have been taken to ensure the security of the system will not be degraded by the addition of the new software programs. |
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Term
| What security features should security software implement? |
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Definition
| To detect and respond to unauthorized attempts to change, circumvent, or otherwise violate security features. The system should also abort/suspend the unauthorized activity and record the incident in the audit log. |
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Term
| What restriction applies to maintenance activities? |
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Definition
| Restrict software maintenance to authorized maintenance personnel with the appropriate security clearance. |
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Term
| Why should you perform a security audit trail? |
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Definition
| To determine if the security features on your system are working. |
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Term
| What events are auditable? |
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Definition
| Use of identification and authentication, user actions to create, modify, or delete programs/files, actions taken by computer operators, system administrators, and system security administrators, any event that attempts to change the security profile of the system, any events that attempt to violate the security policy of the systems. |
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Term
| What information should be recorded during the audit? |
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Definition
| Type of event, date and time of the event, the unique identifier of the user or device generating the event, success or failure of the event, origin of the request for identification and authentication events, name of program/file introduced, accessed, or deleted. |
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Term
| How can you protect critical data against tampering? |
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Definition
| Provide this protection by controlling physical access to the AIS itself, by installing keyboard locks or other security mechanisms on the computer, or by establishing procedures requiring removal and secure storage or critical data from an unattended AIS. |
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Term
| List one important guideline for enhancing data security. |
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Definition
Backup critical files and software and store apart from the immediate work area, establish contingency and recovery procedures,
establish procedures for obtaining equipment maintenance when necessary and for confirming the clearance and identity of maintenance personnel,
train all computer users in COMPUSEC awareness and local instructions,
establish software configuration control procedures for critical systems. |
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Term
| What access controls can you apply to a database? |
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Definition
| Control access to files, segments, software, and devices so only authorized users, based on need to know, can use the system and data resources. Limit access to privileged programs, utilities, and data files to system management personnel. Limit the capability to conduct privileged actions to system management personnel. |
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Term
| What is the main purpose of a database? |
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Definition
| To make data independent of the programs that uses it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Normalization is the process of organizing data into tables in such a way that the results of using the database are unambiguous. |
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Term
| Describe the first three normal forms. |
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Definition
First normal form: Each attribute of the entity occurs only once and there are no repeating groups of data.
Second normal form: An entity is in first normal form and each attribute is dependent on its entire primary key.
Third normal form: An entity is in second normal form and no attribute of the entity is dependent on another non-key attribute. |
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Term
| What is data denormalization? |
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Definition
| The process of deliberately violating data normalization techniques. |
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Term
| Who is responsible for the technical implementation and maintenance of the database? |
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Definition
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Term
| What permissions can the DBA grant? |
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Definition
Access, insert, delete, and modify existing data. |
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Term
| Name four functions a DBA performs. |
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Definition
| Managing the database structure and the DBMS; the data activity; and maintaining the data repository. |
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Term
| What is the DBA’s final responsibility when managing the database structure? |
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Definition
Updating the system documentation is the DBA’s final responsibility when managing the database structure. |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of database fragmentation? |
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Definition
| Slow response to on-line inquiries, report extracts that take longer than normal and abnormally large database files. |
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Term
| List the three steps of reorganization. |
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Definition
(1) Copy current records to another media.
(2) Initialize database.
(3) Reload database. |
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Term
| In an effort to combat situations we have little control over (i.e. power failures, fires, or flood) what should a DBA consider using? |
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Definition
| Uninterruptable power supply (UPS). |
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Term
| To minimize database destruction how often should the database be backed up? |
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Definition
| Daily, weekly, or monthly. |
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