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Knowledge Management and Specialized Information Systems
FINAL EXAM
47
Computer Science
Undergraduate 3
04/07/2015

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Cards

Term

Knowledge management

Definition
allows organizations to share knowledge and experience among managers and employees
Term
CKO
Definition
chief knowledge officer
Term
Artificial Intelligence
Definition
systems form a broad and diverse set of systems that can replicate human decision making for certain types of well-defined problems
Term
Expert Systems
Definition
can enable a novice to perform at the level of an expert but must be developed and maintained very carefully
Term
Specialized Systems
Definition
help organizations and individuals achieve their goals
Term
Why Learn About Knowledge Management and Specialized Information Systems
Definition
used in almost every industry, will help you discover new ways to use information systems in your day-to-day work
Term
Data
Definition
consists of raw facts
Term
Information
Definition
collection of facts
Term
Knowledge Management Systems
Definition

An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices

–Used to create, store, share, and use the organization’s knowledge and experience

Term
Explicit knowledge
Definition

Objective

–Can be measured and documented in reports, papers, and rules

Term
Tacit knowledge
Definition

Hard to measure and document

–Typically not objective or formalized

Term
Knowledge workers
Definition
People who create, use, and disseminate knowledge
Term
COP
Definition

Communities of practice

groups of people with common interests

Term
knowledge repository
Definition
includes documents, reports, files, and databases
Term
Data mining
Definition
help capture and use knowledge
Term
Artificial Intelligence
Definition
Computers with the ability to mimic or duplicate the functions of the human brain
Term
The Turing Test
Definition
attempts to determine whether a computer can successfully impersonate a human
Term
Intelligent behavior
Definition
–Learn from experiences and apply knowledge acquired from experience
Term
Intelligent behavior
Definition

Determine what is important

–React quickly and correctly to a new situation

–Understand visual images

–Process and manipulate symbols

–Be creative and imaginative

–Use heuristics

Term
Brain Computer Interface (BCI
Definition
directly connect the human brain to a computer
Term
Expert Systems
Definition
Hardware and software that stores knowledge and makes inferences, similar to a human expert
Term
Robotics
Definition
Developing mechanical devices that can
Term
Vision Systems
Definition
Hardware and software that permit computers to capture, store, and manipulate visual images and pictures
Term
Natural Language Processing and Voice Recognition
Definition
Involves the computer understanding, analyzing, manipulating, and/or generating “natural” languages such as English
Term
Learning Systems
Definition
Allows the computer to change how it functions or reacts to situations based on feedback it receives
Term
Neural Networks
Definition
Computer systems that can recognize and act on patterns or trends that it detects in large sets of data
Term
Genetic algorithm
Definition
An approach to solving complex problems in which a number of related operations or models change and evolve until the best one emerges
Term
Intelligent agent
Definition
Programs and a knowledge base used to perform a specific task for a person, a process, or another program
Term
Expert Systems
Definition
Computerized expert systems use heuristics, or rules of thumb, to arrive at conclusions or make suggestions
Term
Components of Expert Systems
Definition

Components

–Knowledge base

–Inference engine

–Explanation facility

–Knowledge base acquisition facility

–User interface

Term
Knowledge Base
Definition
The knowledge base stores all relevant information, data, rules, cases, and relationships that the expert system uses
Term
Inference Engine
Definition

To seek information and relationships from the knowledge base

–To provide answers, predictions, and suggestions like a human expert

Term
Explanation Facility
Definition
Allows a user or decision maker to understand how the expert system arrived at certain conclusions or results
Term
Knowledge Acquisition Facility
Definition
Provides convenient and efficient means of capturing and storing all components of the knowledge base
Term
User Interface
Definition
Makes an expert system easier for users and decision makers to develop and use
Term
Domain expert
Definition
the person or group with the expertise or knowledge the expert system is trying to capture
Term
Knowledge engineer
Definition
person who has training or experience in the design, development, implementation, and maintenance of an expert system
Term
Knowledge user
Definition
Person or group who uses and benefits from the expert system
Term
LISP and PROLOG
Definition
programming languages developed for AI applications
Term
virtual reality
Definition
enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment
Term
Immersive virtual reality
Definition
The user becomes fully immersed in an artificial, 3D world that is completely generated by a compute
Term
Head-mounted display (HMD)
Definition
To see in a virtual world, a user wears a HMD with screens directed at each eye and a position tracker
Term
Applications that are not fully immersive
Definition

Mouse-controlled navigation through a 3D environment on a graphics monitor

–Stereo projection systems

–Stereo viewing from the monitor via stereo glasses

Term
Assistive technology systems
Definition
Wide range of assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative devices to help people with disabilities perform tasks
Term
Informatics
Definition
The combination of information technology with traditional disciplines, e.g., medicine or science, while considering the impact on individuals, organizations, and society
Term
Biomedical informatics
Definition
Develops, studies, and applies theories, methods, and processes for the generation, storage, retrieval, use, and sharing of
Term
Knowledge
Definition
awareness and understanding of a set of information
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