Term
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Definition
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Patella-sesamoid (floating) bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Quadriceps muscles:
1. Rectus femoris
2. Vastus lateralis
3. Vastus medialis
4. Vastus intermedius |
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Term
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Definition
1. Rectus femoris
2. Vastus lateralis
3. Vastus medialis
4. Vastus intermedius |
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Term
| Strength exercises for quadriceps muscles |
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Definition
Knee extension
Squat/press
Dynamic activities involving jumping & braking |
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Term
| Primary actions of vastus lateralis |
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Definition
Knee extension
Stabilization of knee |
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Term
| Strength exercises for vastus lateralis |
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Definition
Knee extension
Squat/press
Dynamic activities involving jumping & braking |
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Term
| Origin - Vastus lateralis |
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Definition
| Intertrochanteric line, anterior & inferior borders of greater trochanter, upper half of linea aspera, & entire lateral intermuscular septum |
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Term
| Insertion - Vastus lateralis |
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Definition
| Lateral border of patella, patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity |
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Term
| Primary action of vastus intermedius |
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Definition
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Term
| Strength exercises for vastus intermedius |
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Definition
Knee extension
Squat/press
Dynamic activities involving jumping & braking |
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Term
| Origin - Vastus intermedius |
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Definition
| Upper two-thirds of anterior surface of femur |
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Term
| Insertion - Vastus intermedius |
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Definition
| Upper borer of patella & patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity |
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Term
| Primary actions of vastus medialis |
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Definition
Knee extension
Inferior fibers stabilize patella |
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Term
| Strength exercises for vastus medialis |
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Definition
Knee extension
Squat/press
Dynamic activities involving jumping & braking |
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Term
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Definition
| Whole length of linea aspera & medial condyle ridge |
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Term
| Insertion - Vastus medialis |
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Definition
| Medial half of upper border of the patella & patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity |
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Term
|
Definition
Hamstring muscles
Popliteus |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Biceps femoris
2. Semitendinosus
3. Semimembranosus |
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Term
| Strength exercises for hamstring muscles |
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Definition
Knee flexion (leg curls)
Stiff-leg deadlifts |
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Term
| Primary action of popliteus |
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Definition
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Term
| Strength exercises for popliteus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Posterior surface of lateral condyle |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper posterior medial surface of tibia |
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Term
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Definition
Knee ligament sprain
Torn ACL
Torn meniscus
Patella subluxation
Patella chondromalacia
Runner's knee |
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Term
| Knee ligament sprain - causes |
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Definition
Force overwhelms ligament strength
Grade 1 (stretch)
Grade 2 (partial tear)
Grade 3 (complete tear) |
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Term
| Knee ligament sprain - diagnosis/treatment |
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Definition
Swelling starts in 20 to 30 minutes
Important to get early diagnosis
Grade 1 heals in about 7 days
Grade 2 takes 2 to 3 weeks
Grade 3 requires surgery
RICE (in all cases) |
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Term
|
Definition
"Play" develops between femur & tibia
ACL functions as a restraining "guidewire"
Often caused by a blow to lateral knee (often rupturing medial collateral ligament too) |
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Term
| Torn ACL - diagnosis/treatment |
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Definition
Swelling starts in 20 to 30 minutes
Important to get early diagnosis
Grade 1 heals in about 7 days
Grade 2 takes 2 to 3 weeks
Grade 3 requires surgery
Anterior drawer test (used to determine integrity of ACL) |
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Term
|
Definition
Twist down too hard, the cartilage will rip
Almost impossible to do by yourself--need an awkward fall, tackle, etc.
Medial meniscus is torn 4 times as often as lateral meniscus
A torn cartilage is torn for good! |
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Term
| Torn meniscus - diagnosis/treatment |
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Definition
Sensation that something has "given way"
Excess synovial fluid accumulates & it is very hard to bend the knee
Pain on medial (or lateral) aspect of knee
Piece of free cartilage can cause "locked knee"
Best diagnosis is an arthrogram (dye and x-ray)
Surgery a MUST
Recovery is 3 to 6 weeks |
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Term
| Paella subluxation - causes |
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Definition
Outer structures of knee (esp. an over powerful vastus lateralis) overpower the inner structures (vastus medialis)
A kneecap "rides high" (common in thin people)
Patellar surface on femur is too shallow |
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Term
| Patella subluxation - diagnosis/treatment |
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Definition
Straight track test with flexed extensor
Medial-lateral test with relaxed extensors
Exercise/support
If exercise is ineffective surgery can fix the patellar surface or tighten surrounding muscles |
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Term
| Patella chondromalacia - causes |
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Definition
Kneecap instability
Direct blow (traumatic chondromalacia)
Genetic abnormality
Unknown (overuse?) |
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Term
| Patella chondromalacia - diagnosis/treatment |
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Definition
Pain at the patella
Intensifies with prolonged sitting
Squatting or kneeling is painful
Positive crepitus test and quadriceps inhibition test
Rest & anti-inflammatory medication for 2 weeks
Severe cases require "shaving" |
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Term
|
Definition
Overuse
Micro-trauma in the area of the iliotibial band
Prevalent in distance runners--not common in sprinters |
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Term
| Runner's knee - diagnosis/treatment |
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Definition
Pain is not localized, but lies over a broad area of the lateral knee joint
Starts with mild discomfort & gets progressively worse without rest
Virtually all cases of runner's knee involve natural ankle inversion--treated with an orthotic
Should rest at least a week & ice 20 minutes twice daily |
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Term
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Definition
Tibia
Fibula
Talus
Calcaneus |
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Term
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Definition
Tibiofibular (syndesmoses)
Talocrural (hinge)
Subtalar & transverse tarsal (gliding) |
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Term
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Definition
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Tibialis anterior |
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Term
| Primary actions of extensor digitorum longus |
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Definition
Ankle dorsal flexion
Toe extension
Eversion |
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Term
| Strength exercises for extensor digitorum longus |
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Definition
| Weighted dorsiflexion (walking on heels) |
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Term
| Origin - Extensor digitorum longus |
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Definition
Lateral condyle of tibia
Head of fibula, upper two-thirds of anterior surface of fibula |
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Term
| Insertion - Extensor digitorum longus |
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Definition
| Tops of middle & distal phalanges of 4 lesser toes |
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Term
| Primary actions of extensor hallucis longus |
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Definition
Ankle dorsal flexion
Toe extension |
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Term
| Strength exercises for extensor hallucis longus |
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Definition
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Term
| Origin - Extensor hallucis longus |
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Definition
| Middle two-thirds of medial surface of anterior fibula |
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Term
| Insertion - Extensor hallucis longus |
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Definition
| Top of base of distal phalanx of great toe |
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Term
| Primary actions of tibialis anterior |
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Definition
Ankle dorsal flexion
Foot inversion |
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Term
| Strength exercises for tibialis anterior |
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Definition
Weighted dorsiflexion
Ice skating |
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Term
| Origin - Tibialis anterior |
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Definition
| Upper two-thirds of lateral surface of tibia |
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Term
| Insertion - Tibialis anterior |
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Definition
| Inner surface of medial cuneiform, first metatarsal bones |
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Term
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Definition
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus |
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Term
| Primary actions of gastrocnemius |
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Definition
Knee flexion
Plantar flexion |
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Term
| Strength exercises for gastrocnemius |
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Definition
Standing heel raises against resistance
Walking uphill |
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Term
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Definition
| Posterior surfaces of 2 condyles of femur |
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Term
| Insertion - Gastrocnemius |
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Definition
| Posterior surface of calcaneus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Strength exercises for soleus |
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Definition
| Seated heel raises against resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| Proximal two-thirds of posterior surface of tibia & fibula |
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Term
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Definition
| Posterior surface of calcaneus |
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Term
| Primary actions of tibialis posterior |
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Definition
Foot inversion
Plantar flexion |
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Term
| Strength exercises for tibialis posterior |
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Definition
| Standing heel raises against resistance (esp. with foot inversion) |
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Term
| Origin - Tibialis posterior |
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Definition
| Posterior surface of upper half of interosseous membrane, against surfaces of tibia & fibula |
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Term
| Insertion - Tibialis posterior |
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Definition
| Lower inner surfaces of navicular & cuneiform bones, bases of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, & 5th metatarsal bones |
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Term
| Primary actions of flexor digitorum longus |
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Definition
Foot inversion
Plantar flexion
Toe flexion |
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Term
| Strength exercises for flexor digitorum longus |
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Definition
| Walking barefoot with toes curled downward |
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Term
| Origin - Flexor digitorum longus |
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Definition
| Middle third of posterior surface of tibia |
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Term
| Insertion - Flexor digitorum longus |
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Definition
| Base of distal phalanx of each 4 lesser toes |
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Term
| Primary action of flexor hallucis longus |
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Definition
Toe flexion
Foot inversion
Plantar flexion |
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Term
| Strength exercises for flexor hallucis longus |
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Definition
| Walking barefoot with toes curled downward (walking in sand) |
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Term
| Origin - Flexor hallucis longus |
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Definition
| Middle two-thirds of posterior surface of fibula |
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Term
| Insertion - flexor hallucis longus |
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Definition
| Base of distal phalanx of large toe, undersurface |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Primary actions of peroneus brevis |
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Definition
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Term
| Strength exercises for peroneus brevis |
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Definition
| Heel raises with toes turned in |
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Term
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Definition
| Lower two-thirds of lateral surface of fibula |
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Term
| Insertion - Peroneus brevis |
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Definition
| Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal bone |
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Term
| Common lower leg/ankle injuries |
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Definition
Shin splints
Sprained ankle |
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Term
|
Definition
Overuse in early season
Sprained tibialis posterior (75%)
Inflamed tibial bone
Anterior compartment syndrome (interrupted blood flow)
Tibial stress fracture |
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Term
| Shin splints - diagnosis/treatment |
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Definition
Pain starts about 2-3 hours after exercise
Rest & ice
6-8 aspirin
If it still hurts after one week, see a doctor
Severe cases are treated effectively with orthotics |
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Term
|
Definition
Almost all ankle sprains are inversion sprains
Three grades (1, 2, and 3)
One and two-ligaments sprains |
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Term
| Sprained ankle - diagnosis/treatment |
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Definition
Instant pain
Something may "pop"
Ankle has a period of pain free "shock"
Pain will return after about 30 minutes
Grade 1, out 4 to 5 days
Grade 2, out 7 to 10 days
Grade 3, out 2 to 3 weeks
Important: Ensure proper external support through taping |
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