Term
- Specialized form of connective tissue
- Avascular
- Firm consistency and resiliency
- Tissue able to bear mechanical stresses without permanent distortion
desribes which special connective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Like all connective tissues, consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance. The ECM predominates and determines its mechanical properties. Type-II collagen is the characteristic matrix component. The abundant ground substance is firm and gel-like. Cartilage cells are called ??? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most cartilage is enveloped by a dense CT layer, ???, which contains the vascular supply and fibroblastlike stem cells from which additional chondrocytes arise. Few vessels (or nerves) occur in cartilage; thus, ground substance compostion controls the percolation of nutrients and oxygen to chondrocytes from ??? vessels. |
|
Definition
Perichondrium
Perichondrial Vessels |
|
|
Term
- Shock absorber
- Supports soft tissues
- Facilitates bone movements
- Sliding area for joints
- Development/growth of long bones
- Are 3 types (hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage)
are all functions of ??? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chondrocytes synthesize and secrete ECM fibers and ground substance: collagen is synthesized on the RER, and GAGs are assembled and sulfated in the Golgi complex. Owing to their meager oxygen supply, chondrocytes produce much of their energy by ??? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Temporary skeleton in embryo- replaced by bone
- Responsible for long bone growth
- Support soft tissues
- Participates in joint structure
all describe? |
|
Definition
| Function of Hyaline Cartilage |
|
|
Term
| The most common type of cartilage in both fetus and adults is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Type-II collagen contains more hydroxylysine than does type I |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Skeleton of fetus
- Epiphyseal plates of growing bones
- Walls of larger respiratory passages (nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi)
- Articular surfaces of moveable joints
all represent places where? |
|
Definition
| Hyaline Cartilage is found |
|
|
Term
The following components of the respiratory system are composed of what type of cartilage?
Nose
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
The following components of skeletal cartilage are composed of what type of cartilage?
Skeletal Cartilage
Costal Cartilages
Articular Surfaces
Embryonic Skeleton
Epiphyseal Plates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The histogenesis of hyaline cartilage begins with all cartilage deriving from EMBRYONIC MESENCHYME. During hyaline cartilage development, mesenchymal cells become more tightly packed and form a mesenchymal condensation. Cells at the condensation's core are the first to become CHONDROBLASTs and secrete cartilage matrix. After it is surrounded by cartilage matrix, a chondroblast is termed a CHONDROCYTE. The chondrocyte are embedded in the matrix either singly or in ISOGENOUS GROUPS of two to eight cells derived from one parent cell.
Peripheral mesenchyme condenses around the developing cartilage mass to form the fibroblast-containing, dense regular CT of the perichondrium. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Whose cartilage is described below:
- Type II collagen fibrils
- Can’t see fibrils in LM
- Much hydroxylysine, basophilic
- Type IX, X, XI, collagen (tropocollagen, which have no fibrils, attach with type-I collagen) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The GROUND SUBSTANCE, predominant tissue component, of what type of cartilage comprises the following:
(1) GAGs, which are mostly chondroitin sulfates, and hyaluronic acid but also include small amounts of keratan sulfate and heparan sulfate.
(2) PROTEOGLYCANS, which are core proteins with covalently bound GAG side chains
(3) PROTEOGLYCAN AGGREGATES, which are proteoglycans noncovantly linked to long chains of hyaluronan by link protein
(4) GLYCOPROTEINS, including link protein, fibronectin, and chondronectin, which attach various matrix components to one another and cells to the matrix.
(5) TISSUE FLUID, an ultrafiltrate of blood plasma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The ECM of what type of cartilage is hydrophilic and has the following functions:
- Matrix binds water, (negative charges on GAGs)
- Acts as shock absorber
- Cushioning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Hyaluronic acid is the backbone in which link proteins attach proteoglycans, which have GAG side chains attached to them in hyaline cartilage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In hyaline cartilage, collagen type-II fibers give tissues tensile strength. Cross-linking between proteoglycan aggregrates gives CT its ??? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What attaches the core proteins of proteoglycans to long hyaluronan chains to from proteoglycan aggregrates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The potential space occupied by each chondrocyte is visible only after the cell's death or after shrinkage during tissue processing is called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What cartilage matrix has the following characteristics:
- Immediately around cell
- Rich in GAG, poor in collagen
- Intense basophilia (PAS-positive) |
|
Definition
| Territorial matrix (capsular) |
|
|
Term
| What cartilage matrix is found between cells and has a more balanced ratio of GAG and collagen? |
|
Definition
| Interterritorial Matrix (intercapsular) |
|
|
Term
| Except for atricular cartilage, hyaline cartilage is surrounded and nourished by ??? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Layer of dense connective tissue that surrounds cartilage and contains vascular supply- nutrients diffuse through matrix to reach cells. Its fibroblasts synthesize dense CT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Articular cartilage does NOT contain a perichondrium
Fibrocartilage does NOT contain a perichondrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cartilage appears yellow in fresh tissue and is more flexible than hyaline cartilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The composition and organization of elastic cartilage resmembles hyaline but contains in addition to type-II collagen fibers ... |
|
Definition
| A dense network of branching elastic fibers |
|
|
Term
| What type of cartilage provides flexible support? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| External ear, walls of external auditory canal, eustatian tubes, epiglottis are all locations where what type of cartilage is found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elastic cartilage is found in places in need of flexible support, especially ??? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristics are intermediates between dense connective tissue and hyaline cartilage but develops from dense connective tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cells- chondrocytes
Fibers- lots of type I collagen (and some type II collagen)
Ground substance- same as hyaline
are components of what type of cartilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Collagen fibers form irregular bundles between chondrocyte groups- are aligned parallel to stresses acting on what type of cartilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Histogenesis of Fibrocartilage:
When strong mechanical stresses occur, fibrocartilage develops from dense regular CT through the transformation of fibroblasts into chondroblasts. This leads to localized hyaline matrix secretion, which eventually leads to fibrocartilage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Vertebral Discs
Pubic Symphysis
Some bony attachments of:
-Ligaments
-Tendons
Components of some diarthroses
-Around knee, glenoid fossa & acetabulum
-Articular discs of clavicle & mandible
are locations that add shock absorption to tensile strength. What type of cartilage is found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cartilage gets nutrients through diffusion from blood capillaries and not perichondrium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acts as cushions between the vertebrae, allowing limited movement of the vertebral column. They are bound to the vertebrae by ligaments. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- External layer of dense connective tissue
- Overlapping laminae of fibrocartilage
- Collagen bundles arranged in concentric layers- oriented at rt. angles to each other
- Provide disk with resilience to withstand stress of vertebrae
are components of what part of the intervertebral disk? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Cells embedded in amorphous, viscous fluid (mucous connective tissue)
- Rich in hyaluronic acid
- With age, it becomes replaced with fibrocartilage
are components of what part of the intervertebral disk? |
|
Definition
| Nucleus pulposus- in center of Annulus Fibrosus |
|
|
Term
Nourishment of Cartilage
- Cartilage is AVASCULAR
- Nutrients diffuse through matrix from blood vessels in perichondrium
- Cartilage limited in size due to nutrient diffusion
- Chondrocytes have low metabolic activity and respire under low oxygen tension
- Chondrocytes have lots of cell surface projections- help facilitate metabolic exchange |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Mesenchymal condensations lead to cartilage formation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Division of pre-existing chondrocytes
Early phases of chondrogenesis
Epiphyseal plates
Articular cartilage
represent what type of cartilage growth? |
|
Definition
| Intersitial Growth (inside growth, seen in isogenous group) |
|
|
Term
| Perichondrial cells differentiation and growth in girth is representative of what type of cartilage growth? |
|
Definition
| Appositional Growth (outside growth that forms chondroblast, which produce matrix and expand growth) |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Cartilage damage:
Regenerates in young children
Perichondrial cells
Scar of dense CT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of joint has bone united by bone (bone-bone-bone), no movement, and is found in adult skull bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of joints allows limited to no movement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of joint has the follwing characteristics:
bone joined by hyaline cartilage
limited movement
ribs attached to sternum
pubic symphisis
epiphyseal plate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of joint has the following characteristics:
bones joined by dense CT
some movement
skull bones in children and young adults
inferior tibia-fibulla articulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of joints permit movement and unite long bones and has the following characteristics:
Capsule
Fibrous layer- dense CT continuous with periosteum
Synovial membrane- inner layer
lines articular cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A cells- phagocytic, clear debris
B cells- produce synovial fluid
are components of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abnormality of joint and imbalance between synthesis and degeneration of cartilage and bone can lead to??? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of arthritis? |
|
Definition
| Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis |
|
|
