Term
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Definition
-bryophyte
-liverworts
-need moisture
-thousands of species
-seta anchors sporangium capsule to female gametophyte |
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Term
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Definition
-bryophyte
-hornworts
-hundreds of species
-lack seta
-have stomata |
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Term
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Definition
| pore found in leaves that helps control gas exchange. |
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Term
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Definition
-bryophyte
-mosses
-closest to vascular
-stomata
-thousands |
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Term
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Definition
-nonvascular plants
-gametophyte dominanat stage of life cycle
-cannot support tall plant structure
-anchored by rhizoids
-form ground hugging carpets
-sporophyte is usually green |
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Term
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Definition
| great at returning nitrogen to soil |
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Term
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Definition
-"male" gametangia
-produces sperm |
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Term
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Definition
-"female" gametangia
-produces egg |
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Term
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Definition
-organs on sporophyte
-produce haploid spores through meiosis
-sporopollenin in spore walls |
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Term
| alternation of generation |
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Definition
-evolutionary adaptation of land plants
-first generation is gametophyte
-second generation is sporophyte |
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Term
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Definition
-combines gametes
-syngamy |
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Term
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Definition
-found in carophytes and land plants
-prevents desiccation |
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Term
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Definition
good! - bright sunlight, higher amounts of CO2, soil rich in nutrients, originally less pathogens and herbivore
bad! - scarcity of water (evolution of roots) lack strucutural support (vascular development) |
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Term
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Definition
| petal shaped protein complexes, peroxisome enzymes, sperm with flagella, phragmoplast, dna evidence (especially in chloroplast DNA) |
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Term
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Definition
-photosynthetic autotrophs
-eukaryotes
-multicellular
-cell walls made of cellulose
-chloroplasts have chlorophyll a and b |
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Term
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Definition
-transports water, minerals
-vessel elements, tracheids
-lignin - organic molecule, water proofs tube, kills cells |
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Term
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Definition
-transports organic compounds (sugar, amino acids, etc)
-sieve-tube members/elements
-companion cell |
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Term
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Definition
-xylem structure
-open, transports faster
-easier to block |
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Term
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Definition
xylem structure
-shorter
-porous
-pitted end wall |
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Term
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Definition
-phloem
-main cell is sieve tube element
-sieve tube has sieve plate
-companion cell assists sieve tube |
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Term
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Definition
-haploid generation
-gametangia are where gametes are created
-archegonia female
-antheridia male
-fertilization takes place within archegonium
-syngamy creates diploid |
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Term
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Definition
absorb water/nutrients from soil
anchor plants
eveolved from lower portion of stem |
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Term
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Definition
-increase surface area of plants
-primary photosynthetic organ |
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Term
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Definition
-small spine shaped leaves with single vascular system
-only lycophytes |
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Term
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Definition
| -leaves with highly branched vascular system |
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Term
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Definition
-dominant stage of life cycle in seedless vascular plants as well as gymnosperms and angiosperms
-produce haploid spores |
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Term
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Definition
| -modified leaves that bear sporangia |
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Term
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Definition
| organs that produce spores |
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Term
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Definition
-1 type of sporangia produces one typ eof spore
-forms bisexual gametophyte that produces both sperm and egg
-most ferns, most bryophytes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-spike moss, quillworts, club moss
-produced first forests
-became coal/oil
-microphyll |
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Term
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Definition
-ferns, horsetails, whisk ferns
-mostly photosynthetic stem |
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Term
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Definition
-large, develops into female gametophyte
-produced by megasporangia
-stays in sporophyte |
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Term
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Definition
-small, develops into male gametophyte
-pollen
-produced by microsporangia
-leaves sporophyte |
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Term
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Definition
-seed plant
-integument + megasporangium + megaspore/female gametophyte
-integument is specialized sporophyte leaf that traps everything in place |
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Term
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Definition
-diploid trapped inside megasporangium
-becomes four haploid megaspores through meiosis
-three die, leaving one
-megaspore becomes megegametophyte |
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Term
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Definition
female, eggs 8 cells
-egg
-antipodal cells
-synergids
-central cells
-central cells |
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Term
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Definition
pollen grains (male gametophye) transferred to ovule.
-pollen grains contain 2 sperm cells and 1 tube cell
-pollen grain enters through micropyle
-1 sperm fertilizes egg, other joins with other cells and become 3n food supply
-integument becomes seed coat |
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Term
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Definition
"naked seed"
-only that form large forests
-colder climates |
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Term
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Definition
| -male, female, same plant aka bisexual |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
gymnosperm
-diecious
-largely ornamental
-only US native is Zamia in Florida
-cones are also called strobulus - cluster of sporophylls |
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Term
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Definition
-only one species, the Ginkgo Biloba
-diecious
-ovules smell like rancid butter
-first native to china
-cultivated in Japanese temples
-pollution tolerant |
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Term
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Definition
welwitchia - tropical or desert
ephedra |
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Term
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Definition
-conifers
-mostly monoecious
-find both male and female cones (pollen and ovule cones)
-form large forests
-colder climate |
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Term
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Definition
-flowering plants
-140 million years old
-over 250,000 species
-most diverse and widespread
-one division/phylum: anthophyta |
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Term
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Definition
four types of modified leaves
-sepals (enclose flower)
-petals (attract pollinators)
-stamens (male bits [filament (stem), anther (capsule)])
carpels (female bits [stigma (top business) style(stem), Ovary, ovule (inside ovary)]) |
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Term
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Definition
-mature ovary
-protect seeds
-aid in dispersal of seeds
-can be fleshy (tomato, nectarine) or dry (milkweed, hazelnut) |
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