Term
| What are the four characteristics of plants? |
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Definition
1. Autotrophic
2. Have a cuticle
3. Have cell walls made of cellulose
4. Life cycles have two stages |
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Term
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Definition
| Waxy layer that coats above ground plant parts. It prevents water loss. |
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Term
| What are the two stages of plant life? |
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Definition
1. sporophyte
2. gametophyte |
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Term
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Definition
-spore producing stage of plant life
-spores grow into the gametophyte. |
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Term
| Describe the gametophyte. |
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Definition
- the second stage of plant life
- Produces gametes (sex cells:sperms, eggs)
- Sex cells unite to form a sporophyte |
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Term
| What are the two main groups of plants? |
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Definition
1. Vascular
*have transportation pipes
2. Non-vascular
*do not have transportation pipes |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of Bryophytes(Non-vascular plants)? |
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Definition
- No vessels
- Diffusion/Osmosis
- Only small plants
- Damp places
- Ex. mosses, liverworts, hornwarts |
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Term
| Why are Bryophytes important? |
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Definition
- first plants in a new environment
- Anti-erosion
- Form soil |
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Term
| What are characteristics of vascular seedless plants |
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Definition
- Vascular
- Seedless
- Have true stems, leaves, and roots
- Sporophytes & gametophytes are separate plants |
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Term
| What is the importance of seedless vascular plants? |
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Definition
- Forms soil
- Prevents erosion
- Carboniferous Period
*300 MYA
*now coal |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of seed plants? |
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Definition
- Produce seeds
- Sporophyte & Gametophyte are same plant
- Sperm no need water |
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Term
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Definition
- embryo(young sporophyte)
- cotyledon(nutrients)
- protective coat |
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Term
| What are characteristics of vascular plants? |
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Definition
- Have specialized transport vessels
*Xylem&Phloem
- Faster transport
- Any size (¡¡¡PLANT SMASH!!!) |
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Term
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Definition
Use spores to reproduce new individuals
Ex. Ferns, horsetails club mosses |
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Term
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Definition
Use seeds to reproduce new individuals
-2 types
*Gymnosperms-non-flowering
*Angiosperms-flowering |
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Term
| Bryophytes (non-vascular) |
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Definition
Non-vascular
Grow in damp moist places
seedless (use spores)
No true roots, leaves, or stems
Root-like structures-rhizoids
Dominate life stage-Gametophyte
Primary successors, reduce corrosion, for soil after death |
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Term
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Definition
Ferns, horsetails, club mosses
True stems, leave, roots
Sporophyte and gametophyte are separate plants
-Dominate stage-sporophyte
-Sperm needs water to travel
Help form soil, prevents erosion
Carboniferous Period (300 MYA), remains formed coal |
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Term
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Definition
Produce seeds
-Embryos(young sporophyte) and cotyledon (nutrients)
-Covered in Testa (Protective coat)
Gametophyte is not separate plant
Male gametophyte doesn't need water |
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Term
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Definition
Vascular Seed
Dominate stage-Sporophyte
Conifers-Gametophyte stage in cones
-Male-spores develops into pollen containing sperm
-Female-Spores develop egg
Wind blows pollen to female cone
Seed develops in female cone
Seed released and germination into new plants |
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Term
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Definition
Vascular flowering seed plant
Dominate stage: Sporophyte
Flowers for reproduction
-allow wind pollination/attract animals for pollination
Protection for seeds
2 types
-Monocots
-Dicots |
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Term
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Definition
1 Cotyledon
Flower parts in 3's
Parallel leaf viens
Vascular bundles scattered
Ex. Grasses, orchids, onions, lilies, palms, corn |
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Term
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Definition
2 cotyledons
Flower parts in 4's or 5's
Branching leaf viens
Vascular bundles in a ring
Ex. Roses, cacti, sunflowers, peanuts |
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Term
| What are the three main plant organs? |
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Definition
1. Root
2. Shoot
3. Leaves |
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Term
| What are the organs connected by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 types of vascular tissues? |
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Definition
Xylem-transports water and minerals
Phloem-transports sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| Absorb water, dissolve minerals from soil, support, anchor |
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Term
| What is the root structure like? |
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Definition
Many lavers
Hairs increase surface area
Tips grow, protected by root caps |
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Term
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Definition
1. Tap root-1 main root (dicots & angiosperms)
2. Fibrous root-several of same size (monocots) |
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Term
| What is the function of the stem? |
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Definition
Support
Transports minerals |
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Term
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Definition
Herbaceous-Soft, thin, flexible
Woody-Rigid |
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Term
| What is the leaf's function? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Cuticle
Epidermis
Stoma
Guard cells
Palisade layer/ mesophyll
Spongy layer |
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Term
| What are the flower parts? |
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Definition
Petals-attract pollinators
Sepals-cover/protect flower buds
Pistil-female structures
Stamen-male structures |
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Term
| What are the parts of the pistil? |
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Definition
1. Stigma-sticky tip of pistil
2. Style-stalk in-between stigma & ovary
3. Ovary contains ovules, produce eggs |
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Term
| What are the parts of the stamen? |
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Definition
1. Anther- produces pollen
2. Filament- thin stalk |
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Term
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Definition
| Pollen from anther (male) lands on stigma (female) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pollen tube grows from pollen grain through the style to the ovary. Sperm moves down to fuse with egg |
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Term
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Definition
Ovules --> Seeds
Ovary --> Fruit |
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Term
| What are the three main parts of the seed? |
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Definition
1. Embryo
2. Cotyledon- Nutrients
3. Testa- Seed coat |
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Term
| What are the 2 parts of the embryo? |
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Definition
1. Radical- embryonic root
2. Pluma- embryonic shoot |
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Term
| What are three types of asexual reproduction? |
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Definition
| 1. Potato eyes 2. Plantlets 3. Runners |
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Term
| What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis? |
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Definition
| 6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 |
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Term
| Light energy breaks H2O --> H & O, then what haooens to the H |
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Definition
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Term
| What is O from photosynthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does glucose do in cellular respiration? |
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Definition
| Broken into CO2 & H2O while releasing ATP |
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Term
| How are the products of photosynthesis transfered? |
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Definition
| Translocation in the phloem (sap- contaning sucrose) |
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Term
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Definition
| Growth in responcde to stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| Growth towards the stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| Growth away from the stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| Growth in responce to light |
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Term
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Definition
| Growth in responce to gravity |
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Term
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Definition
- Responce to length of of daylight & night
- Triggers flowers
- Plants can favor different seasons
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Loose all leaves at the same time of year |
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Term
| Why do deciduous leaves change color? |
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Definition
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