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| the branch of physics dealing with the study of forces and the motion produced by their actions |
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| involves taking the principles and methods of mechanics and applying them to teh structure and function of the human body |
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| deals with factors associated with nonmoving, or nearly nonmoving systems |
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| involves factors associated with moving systems and can be divided into kinetics and kinematics |
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| deal with forces causing movement in a system |
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| involves the time, space, and mass aspects of a moving system; can be divded into osteokinematics and arthrokinematics |
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| deals with the manner in which bones move in space without regard to the movement of joint surfaces, such as shoulder flexion/extension |
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| deals with the manner in which adjoining joint surfaces mobe in relation to each other, in the same or opposite direction |
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| a quantity having both magnitude and direction; examples are length, area, volume, mass |
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| refers to the amount of matter that a body contains |
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| the property of matter that causes it to resist any change of its motion in either speed or direction |
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| the tendency of force to produce rotation about an axis |
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| is a force developed by two surfaces, which tends to prevent motion of one surface across another |
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| a vector that describes speed and is measure in units such as feet per second or miles per hour |
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| an object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion |
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| What is Newton's first law of motion? |
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| law of inertia; because inertia is the tendency of an object to stay at rest or in motion |
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| What is Newton's first law of motion sometimes referred to as? Why? |
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| any change in the velocity of an object |
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| the amount of acceleration depends on the strength of hte force applied to an object; law of acceleration |
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| What does Newton's second law of motion state? What is it also referred to as? |
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| Acceleration is inversely proportional to the ________ of an object. |
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| law of action-reaction; for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
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| What is Newtom's third law of motion called and what does it state? |
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| magnitude, direction, point of application |
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| What are the 3 characteristics of force? |
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| results when two or more forces are acting along the same line |
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| force that occurs in the same plane and in the same or opposite direction |
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| two or more forces act from a common point but pull in different (divergent) directions |
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| the net effect of the two divergent forces from a concurrent force |
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| how forces are shown graphically |
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| occurs when two forces act in an equal but opposite direction, resulting in a turning effect |
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| the amount of force exerted and the distance it is from the axis |
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| What determines the amount of torque a lever has? |
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| the product of how strong the force is (magnitude) and its perpendicular distance form the line of action of the force to the acis of rotation |
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| what does torque equal at any point? |
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| Torque is greatest when the angle of pull is ____ degrees and ______ as the angle of pull either decreases or increases from that perpendicular position. |
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| when the perpendicular distance between the joint axis and the line of pull is very small; all the force generated by the muscle is directed back into the joint, pulling the two bones together |
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| most of hte force generated by the muscle is directed at rotating hte joint and not stabilizing the joint |
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| force past 90 degress; the force is directed away from the joint |
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| when an object is balanced and all torques acting on it are even |
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| the mutual attraction between the earth and an object |
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| force that is always directed vertically downward toward the center of the earth |
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| the balance point of an object at which torque on all sides is equal; point at which the planes of the body intersect |
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| that part of a body that is in contact with the supporting surfacec |
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| an imaginary vertical line passing through the center of gravity toward the center of the earth |
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| stable equilibrium, unstable equilibrium, neural equilibrium |
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| what are the three states of equilibrium? |
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| occurs when an object is in a position that to disturb it would require its center of gravity to be raised |
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| occurs when only a slight force is needed to disturb an object |
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| exists when an objects center of gravity is neither raised nor lowered when it is disturbed |
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| a rigid bar that can rotate about a fixed point when a force is applied to overcome resistance |
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| the fixed point about which the lever rotates |
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| must be overcome for motion to occur; can include the part being moved, gravity, or external weight |
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| the perpendicular distance, or length, between the line of force and the axis |
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| the perpendicular distance, or lenght, between the line of resistance and the axis |
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| lever that has the axis at one end, the resistance in the middle, and the force at the other end; ex. wheelbarrow |
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| lever that has the axis at one end with the force in the middle and resistance at the opposite end; ex. screen door with a spring attachment |
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| the ratio between the force arm and the resistance arm |
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| what is the equation for mechanical advantage of a lever? |
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| consists of a grooved wheel that turns on an axle with a rope or cable riding in the groove |
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| a simple pulley attached to a beam; acts as a first class lever with F on one side of the pulley and R on the oether; only used to change direction |
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| has one end of the rope attached to a beam then the rop runs through the pulley to the other end where the force is applied; load is suspended from the pulley |
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| lever in disguise; consists of a wheel, or crank, attached to and turning together with an axle; used to increase the force exerted |
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| MA= radius of wheel/ radius of axle |
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| What is the equation of mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle? |
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| a flat surface that slants; ex. wheelchair ramp |
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