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Kinesiology
Ch 10 The elbow (Exam 2)
22
Other
Undergraduate 3
10/05/2010

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Cards

Term
 Functions of the elbow
Definition

Designed to serve the hand:

1. provides mobility for hand in space

2. stability for wrist and hand actions

Term
What is the elbow complex made up of?
Definition

3 bones

3 ligaments

2 joints

1 capsule

Term
What are the elbow joint articulations?
Definition

1. Ulnohumeral joint: the trochlea of the humerus to the trochlear notch of the ulna

2. Radiohumeral joint: Capitulum of the humerus to the head of the radius

Term
What are the articulations between the radius and ulna?
Definition

1. The Radioulnar joint: articulate at both ends!

 

Proximal end: head of radius pivots within the radial notch of the ulna...forming the superior or proximal radioulnar joint.

 

Distal end: Ulnar notch of radius rotates around the head of the ulna....forms the inferior or distal radioulnar joint

Term
What type of joint is the radioulnar joint and what type of movement does it allow?
Definition

Uniaxial pivot joint

 pronation and supination of the forearm occurs at the radioulnar joint

 

Term

What type of joint is the elbow joint? What movement does it allow?

 

Definition

Hinge Joint- 1 degree of freedom

Flexion/Extension of the elbow at the ulnohumeral and radiohumeral joints.

Term
How are the radius and ulna positioned during pronation and supination?
Definition

Supination: Radius and Ulna are parallel

Pronation: Radius crosses over the ulna

 

*Radius moves, Ulna does not!  Therefore, a muscle must attach on the radius to be able to pronate or supinate the forearm!

Term
What is the axis if the forearm?
Definition
Through the head of radius proximally and head of ulna distally
Term
What is the carrying angle?
Definition

In anatomical position, the longitudinal axes of the humerus and forearm.

 

*This angle tends to be greater in woman

Term
Why does the carrying angle occur?
Definition

Because the distal end of the humerus is not level!  The medial side (trochlea) is lower than the lateral side (capitulum).

 

*when the ulna and radius rotate about the trochlea and capitulum, they do not do so in a straight line like a normal hinge joint

Term
Name the bony landmarks of the Humerus (and location and function)  *loc and function not in slides!
Definition

1. Medial/Lateral epicondyles (sides of the distal end about trochlea.  Medial is larger than lateral- provides pronator teres muscle attachment)

 

2. olecranon fossa (Posterior surface, between medial and lateral epicondyles- articulates with olecranon process of ulna.

 

3. trochlea (medial side of distal end- articulates with unla)

 

4. capitulum (lateral side, next to trochlea- articulates with head of radius)

 

Term
Name the bony landmarks of the Ulna (3)
Definition

1. Olecranon Process - (proximal end of ulna on posterior side...funny bone.  Attachment for triceps

 

2. Trochlear notch- (anterior surface at proximal end).  Articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

 

3. Coronoid- (just below the trochlear notch...provides attachment for the brachialis muscles

Term
Name the bony landmarks of the Radius 
Definition

1. Head - Proximal end, articulates with the capitulum of humerus

 

2. Neck - 

 

3. Radial tuberosity- (medial side near proximal end- attachment for biceps muscle)

Term

See pg 124 figure 10.9 (right ulna)

10.10 (right radius)

Definition
Term
What is the function of the elbow ligaments?  Name them
Definition

To provide medial and lateral stability and reinforce elbow joint.

 

1. Radial Collateral (lateral collateral)

2. Annular 

3. Ulnar Collateral (Medial collateral)

Term
What do the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments do?
Definition
strengthen the elbow joint
Term
What does the annular ligament do?
Definition
It encircles the radial head & binds it to the ulna
Term
What are the three ligaments enveloped in?
Definition

a capsule lined by synovial membrane

 

( a thick, vascular connective tissue that secretes synovial fluid, thick clear fluid that lubricates the articular cartilage)

Term
Muscles that flex the elbow
Definition

1. Biceps

2. Brachialis

3. Brachioradioalis

(pronator teres, extensor carpi radialis longis and brevis)

Term
Muscles that extend the elbow
Definition

1. Triceps

2. Anconeus

Term
Muscles that Supinate the forearm
Definition

1. Biceps 

2. Supinator

(abductus pollis longus, extensor pollis brevis, extensor indicis proprius

Term
Muscles that pronate the arm
Definition

1. Pronator teres

2. Pronator quadratus

(flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, extensor carpi radialis longus)

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