Term
| Name the four major ligaments of the spine. |
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Definition
1 posterior longitudinal
2 anterior longitudinal
3 supraspinous ligament
4 ligamentum flavum |
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Term
| Posterior longitudinal ligament |
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Definition
| down the posterior section of the body of the vertebrae. (anterior to spinous process) |
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Term
| Anterior longitudinal ligament |
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Definition
| inside the thoracic cage, down the anterior section of the body of the vertebrae. |
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Term
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Definition
| Down the spinous processes |
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Term
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Definition
| From the superior vertebra's transverse process to the inferior vertebra's spinous process |
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Term
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Definition
| Comes off the spinous processes on the cervical vertebrae, and becomes the supraspinous ligament farther down. |
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Term
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Definition
Primary- thoracic and sacral (have at birth)
Secondary- cervical and lumbar (due to weight of body) |
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Term
| influences of spinal curvatrure |
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Definition
| heredity, nutrition, pathological conditions, forces habitually encountered, etc |
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Term
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Definition
exaggeration of lumbar curve (often associated with weak abs and anterior pelvic tilt)
It places added compressive forces on posterior elements of the spine
Butt and Belly stick out |
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Term
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Definition
exaggeration of the thoracic curve. most frequent in adolecents, Anterior body of vertebrae crushed so it forms a wedged shape.
"scheurmann's disease" or swimmers back
seen in elderly as dowagers hump. |
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Term
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Definition
lateral deviation in curvature, C or S shaped.
Structural-persists with lateral bending (bone problem)
Non-structural- muscle or ligement problem and back can be fixed |
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Term
| Movement of spine in sagittal plane |
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Definition
| flexion, extension, hyperextension |
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Term
| Movement of spine in frontal plane |
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Definition
| lateral flexion (cervical region) |
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Term
| Movement of spine in transverse plane |
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Definition
| rotation (most in C1 and C2) |
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Term
| Forces acting on spine (loads) |
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Definition
body weight, tension, intraabdominal pressure (negitive cavity), and applied external loads
slouching while sitting has 200% the forces acting on spine as standing in an erect position. |
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Term
| Major muscle that moves the head and its O, I, & A |
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Definition
Sternocleidomastoid
origin- anterior medial clavicle and manubrium of sternum
insertion-mastoid process
action- flextion of head and neck, and rotation in both direction |
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Term
| Muscle of inspiration and expiration |
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Definition
internal intercostals
-elevates first 4 ribs with inhilation and depresses ribs in exhilation
external intercostals
-elevates ribs |
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Term
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Definition
Iliocostalis (lateral) Group
Longissiums (middle) Group
Spinalis (medial) Group |
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Term
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Definition
| cervical to lumbar and its most lateral |
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Term
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Definition
| head to lumbar, between the other two muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| head to lumbar and most medial, runs right along the transverse area of spine. |
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Term
| Muscles of abdominal wall |
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Definition
External oblique (superficial)
Internal oblique (middle)
Transverse abdominis (deep)
Rectus abdominis
Linea alba (divider) |
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Term
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Definition
O- crest of pubis
I- cartilage of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process
A- lumbar and lateral flex
most superficial, '6-pack' runs up and down perpendicular to ground |
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Term
| External oblique abdominal m. |
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Definition
O-border of lower eight ribs
I- anterior iliac crest,fascia of rectus abdominus muscle
A- lumbar and lateral flex to Right and rotation to Left
regular pocket (hands in) |
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Term
| Internal oblique abdominal m. |
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Definition
O- anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, lumbar fascia
I- costal cartilage of ribs 8-10 and linea alba
A- lumbar and lat flex Right and rotation to Right
cross hand pockets |
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Term
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Definition
O-lat 1/3 of inguinal ligament, iliac crest, costal cartilage of lower six ribs
I-crest of pubis, linea alba
A- forced expiration (pull abdominal wall inward)
fibers parallel to ground |
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Term
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Definition
O- post iliac crest
I- 12th rib, transverse process of first four lumbar vertebra.
A- lateral flex and stabilitze pelvis and lumbar spine |
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Term
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Definition
O- lower border of transverse process L1-5
I- lesser trochanter of femur and shaft
A- flexion of hip and external rotation of hip |
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Term
| Movement of hip and pelvis |
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Definition
-anterior pelvic rotation (tip forward)
-posterior pelvic rotation (tip back)
-Right lateral pelvic rotation (one up the other down)
-Right transverse pelvic rotation (right and left)
-flexion
-extension
-abduction
-adduction
-internal rotation
-external rotation |
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Term
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Definition
-Iliacus
-Psoas Major
-Pectineus
-Rectus femoris
-Sartorius
-Tensor fascia latae |
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Term
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Definition
O- from upper 2/3 of iliac fossa, and iliac crest
I- Lesser trochanter
A- hip flexion |
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Term
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Definition
O- anterior surfaces and transverse processes of L1-5 and bodies of disks T12-L5
I-lesser trochanter
A-hip flexion |
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Term
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Definition
O- pubis and pectineal surfaces of pubis
I- pectineal line of femur
A- hip flexion, external rotation, adduction, and flexion. |
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Term
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Definition
O-Anterior inferior iliac spine
I- Base of patella portion of quariceps femorus and patellar tendon.
A- hip flexion
(only player in quad muscles that are active at the hip) |
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Term
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Definition
O- Anterior superior iliac spine
I- Superior aspect of medial surface of tibial shaft near tibial tuberosity
A- hip flexion, external rotation |
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Term
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Definition
O- anterior superior iliac spine, outer lip of anterior iliac crest and fascia lata
I- iliotibial band (lateral side of tibia)
A- hip flexion, abduction, hip flexion
(can cause runners knee, rubbing of CT when to tight) |
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Term
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Definition
-Gluteus Maximus
-Biceps femoris
-Semimembranosus
-Semitendinosus
(hamstring group!) |
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Term
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Definition
O-posterior aspect of ilium posterior to gluteal line, posterior superior iliac crest, posterior inferior aspect of sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament.
I-Primary in fascia lata at iliotibial band, and gluteal tuberosity on femur |
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Term
| Biceps femoris m. (long head) |
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Definition
O- from common tendon with semitendinosus from superior medial quadrant of the posterior portion of ischial tuberosity.
I- primary on fibular head, and lateral collateral ligament and tibial condyle (IT band).
A- hip extension and external rotation |
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Term
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Definition
O- from common tendon with long head of biceps femoris from superior medial quadrant of the posterior portion of ischial tuberosity.
I- superior aspect of medial portion of tibial shaft
A- hip extension |
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Term
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Definition
O- superior lateral quadrant of ischial tuberosity
I- Posterior surface of medial tibial condyle
(next to b. femoris and semitendinosus, and most medial) |
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Term
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Definition
- Gluteus medius
- Gluteus minimus
(stabilize pelvis during the support phase of walking and running and standing on one leg) |
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Term
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Definition
O- dorsal ilium inferior to iliac crest (posterior)
I- Lateral and superior surfaces of greater trochanter
A-hip abduction |
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Term
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Definition
O- dorsum ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal liness and also from edge of greater sciatic notch
I-anterior surface of greater trochanter
A-hip abduction |
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Term
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Definition
(crosses joint medially)
-adductor longus
-adductor brevis
-adductor magnus
-gracillis
(active durring swing phase of gait cycle) |
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Term
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Definition
O- anterior suface of body of pubis, lateral to pubic symphasis.
I- Middle third of linea aspera
A-hip adduction |
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Term
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Definition
O-anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus, inferior to origin of adductor longus.
I- pectineal line and superior part of medial lip of linea aspera
A-hip adduction |
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Term
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Definition
O-inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, and inferolateral area of ischial tuberosity.
I-medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar ridge, and adductor tubercle. (full length of femur)
A-hip adduction |
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Term
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Definition
O- inferior margin of pubic symphysis, inferior ramus of pubis and adjacent ramus of ischium
I- medial surface of tibial shaft, just posterior to sartorius.
A- hip adduction |
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Term
| Lateral Rotators of Femur |
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Definition
Piriformis
Obturator externus
Quadratus femoris
(Gemellus superior, Gemellus inferior, Obturator internus) |
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Term
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Definition
O-anterior surface of lateral process of sacrum and gluteal surface of ilium at the margin of greater sciatic notch
I-superior border of greater trochanter
A-lateral rotation |
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Term
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Definition
O- external surface of obturator membrane and anteroir bony margins of obturator foramen.
I- posteromedial surface of greater trochanger of femur
A- lateral rotation and adduction |
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Term
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Definition
O-lateral margin of obturator ring above ischial tuberosity
I- intertrochanteric crest of proximal posterior femur |
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Term
| Medial Rotataors of femur |
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Definition
major-Glutus minimus
assistance- tensor fascia latae, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus medius. |
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